Radical ion: Difference between revisions
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An ion, either a [[cation]] or [[anion]], containing unpaired electrons in its ground state. The unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, such as for the molecular ion of a molecule M, that is, M<sup>+ | An ion, either a [[cation]] or [[anion]], containing unpaired electrons in its ground state. The unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, such as for the molecular ion of a molecule M, that is, M<sup>+&249;</sup>. Radical ions with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron are denoted such as M<sup>(2+)(2&249;)</sup>.Unless the positions of the unpaired electron and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript charge designation should be placed before the superscript dot designation. | ||
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== | == Orange Book entry == | ||
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This is an ion containing an unpaired electron, which is thus both an ion and a radical. In [[mass spectroscopy]] an unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, thus C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+ | This is an ion containing an unpaired electron, which is thus both an ion and a radical. In [[mass spectroscopy]] an unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, thus C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>+&249;</sup> or SF<sub>6</sub> <sup>-&249;</sup>. An alternative form ([http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/goldbook/ IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1987]) used in inorganic and organic chemistry literature uses the symbolism as in X<sup>&249+</sup>. For species with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron the styles X<sup>(2+) (2&249)</sup> or X<sup>(2&249;) (2+)</sup> are recommended. | ||
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== [[Gold Book]] Entry == | == [[Gold Book]] Entry == | ||
A radical that carries an electric charge. A positively charged radical is called a ' radical cation ' (e.g. the benzene radical cation C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> <sup>?????????????????????+1</sup> ); a negatively charged radical is called a ' radical anion ' (e.g. the benzene radical anion C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> <sup????????????????????? -</sup> or the benzophenone radical anion Ph<sub>2</sub>C-O<sup> | A radical that carries an electric charge. A positively charged radical is called a ' radical cation ' (e.g. the benzene radical cation C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> <sup>?????????????????????+1</sup> ); a negatively charged radical is called a ' radical anion ' (e.g. the benzene radical anion C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> <sup????????????????????? -</sup> or the benzophenone radical anion Ph<sub>2</sub>C-O<sup>&249</sup> <sup>-</sup> ). Commonly, but not necessarily, the odd electron and the charge are associated with the same atom. Unless the positions of unpaired spin and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript dot and charge designations should be placed in the order <sup>?????????????????????+1</sup> or <sup>?????????????????????-</sup> suggested by the name 'radical ion'. (e.g. C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>?????????????????????+1</sup> ). | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
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[[Category:Ions]] | [[Category:Ions]] | ||
[[Category:Orange book term]] | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radical Ion}} | |||
Revision as of 13:03, 12 July 2009
Obsolete Template
Orange Book entry
Orange Book
| ORANGE BOOK DEFINITION
IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979 (see also Orange Book 2023) |
| Radical ion |
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This is an ion containing an unpaired electron, which is thus both an ion and a radical. In mass spectroscopy an unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot alongside the superscript symbol for charge, thus C2H6+&249; or SF6 -&249;. An alternative form (IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1987) used in inorganic and organic chemistry literature uses the symbolism as in X&249+. For species with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron the styles X(2+) (2&249) or X(2&249;) (2+) are recommended. |
| IUPAC 1997 Orange Book Chapter 12 |
| Index of Orange Book Terms |
Gold Book Entry
A radical that carries an electric charge. A positively charged radical is called a ' radical cation ' (e.g. the benzene radical cation C6H6 ?????????????????????+1 ); a negatively charged radical is called a ' radical anion ' (e.g. the benzene radical anion C2H6 <sup????????????????????? - or the benzophenone radical anion Ph2C-O&249 - ). Commonly, but not necessarily, the odd electron and the charge are associated with the same atom. Unless the positions of unpaired spin and charge can be associated with specific atoms, superscript dot and charge designations should be placed in the order ?????????????????????+1 or ?????????????????????- suggested by the name 'radical ion'. (e.g. C3H6?????????????????????+1 ).
Notes:
In the previous edition of this Compendium, it was recommended to place the charge designation directly above the centrally placed dot. However, this format is now discouraged because of the difficulty of extending it to ions bearing more than one charge, and/or more than one unpaired electron. In mass spectroscopic usage the symbol for the charge precedes the dot representing the unpaired electron.
