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In This Issue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; 2026-01-27 08:00:00
David Baltimore: Scientist, leader, and mentor: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
Fifty years ago, at the remarkably young age of 37, David Baltimore received the Nobel Prize (with Howard Temin and Renato Dulbecco) for “discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell.” David was a ...; — Nancy C. AndrewsGeorge Q. DaleyaDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Coral species from another ocean may be the only way to save Caribbean reefs: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — Alejandro E. CamachoDavid A. DanaMikhail MatzaCenter for Land, Environment, and Natural Resources, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-8000bPritzker School of Law, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Generalizations of the quadratic bound optimization principle: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceOptimization is a crucial tool throughout science and technology. Large datasets and high dimensional problems create unique challenges for standard optimization techniques such as Newton’s method, Fisher scoring, and quadratic programming. ...; — Xun-Jian LiGuo-Liang TianHua ZhouKenneth LangeaDepartment of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province 518055, People’s Republic of ChinacDepartment of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095dDepartment of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095eDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, University of Califo... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Earliest perissodactyls reveal large-scale dispersals during the PETM: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAlthough the evolution of horses is regarded as a remarkable evolutionary sequence, early perissodactyls likeHyracotheriumhave been considered as a systematic and paleobiogeographic puzzle for more than 150 y. Here, based on a new large-...; — Jérémy TissierThierry SmithaDirectorate Earth and History of life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels 1000, BelgiumbJURASSICA Museum, Porrentruy 2900, SwitzerlandcDepartment of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, SwitzerlanddDepartment of Geology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium 2026-01-12 08:00:00
How much of the forest sink is passive? Case of the United States: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis study disentangles the impact of six active and passive drivers on forest C change in the conterminous United States. Separately identifying these drivers (temperature, precipitation, CO2, management, age composition, and area) enables ...; — Eric C. DavisBrent SohngenDavid J. LewisaMarket and Trade Economics Division, United States Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, Kansas City, MO 64105bDepartment of Agricultural, Environment, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210cDepartment of Applied Economics, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Widespread terrestrial ecosystem disruption at the onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 Ma) was marked by rapid global warming, making it a valuable test bed for the effects of extreme climate change on the environment. Using pollen and spores preserved in a laminated sedimentary ...; — Mei NelissenDebra A. WillardHan van Konijnenburg-van CittertGabriel J. BowenTeuntje HollaarAppy SluijsJoost FrielingHenk BrinkhuisaDepartment of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg 1790 AB, the NetherlandsbDepartment of Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CB, the NetherlandscFlorence Bascom Geoscience Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192dDepartment of Geology ... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Post-encoding administration of oxytocin selectively enhances memory consolidation of male faces in females: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWe present evidence from heterosexual participants (N = 445) that oxytocin, often referred to as the “love hormone,” when administrated post-encoding, but not before retrieval or encoding, selectively enhances memory consolidation for human ...; — Wei LiuJiashen LiZhengyue ChenQingbai ZhaoXiaojun SunaKey Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinabKey Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Human-induced biospheric carbon sink: Impact from the Taklamakan Afforestation Project: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis study highlights the Taklamakan Desert’s emerging and previously underappreciated role in the global carbon cycle. By revealing how human-led afforestation can transform hyperarid landscapes into functioning carbon sinks, it demonstrates ...; — Salma NoorXun JiangXinyue WangJiani YangSally NewmanKing-Fai LiLiming LiLe YuXiyu LiYuk L. YungaDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004bDivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125cBay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA 94105dDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521eDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004fDepartment of Earth Syste... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Noncanonical genetic markers resolve the pre-GOE emergence of aerobic bacteria in Earth’s history: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceUnderstanding when life adapted to oxygen is key to unraveling Earth’s evolutionary history. By developing a machine learning model that uses 40 conserved genes, mostly unrelated to oxygen processing, we overcome limitations of traditional ...; — Tianhua LiaoShanshan ChenSishuo WangYongjie HuangStephen Kwok Wing TsuiEva E. StüekenQin CaoHaiwei LuoaSimon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SARbDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SARcSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SARdSc... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Mangrove restoration and coastal flood adaptation: A global perspective on the potential for hybrid coastal defenses: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis global assessment demonstrates that mangrove restoration presents a cost-effective nature-based solution for mitigating coastal flood risk for hybrid coastal defenses, offering substantial benefits in terms of reduced expected annual ...; — Timothy TiggelovenVincent van ZelstEric MortensenBregje K. van WesenbeeckThomas A. WorthingtonMark SpaldingHans de MoelPhilip J. WardaWater and Climate Risk Department, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The NetherlandsbCMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Venice 30175, ItalycDeltares, Delft 2600 MH, The NetherlandsdDepartment of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Polar vortex dynamics on gas giants: Insights from 2D energy cascades: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceOne intriguing difference between the two largest planets in the solar system is their polar vortex structures: Jupiter hosts multiple vortices at its poles, while Saturn exhibits a single polar vortex. By systematically surveying the ...; — Jiaru ShiWanying KangaDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Bioresponsive immunomodulator nanocomplex for selective immunoengineering in metastatic lymph nodes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceLymph node metastases (LNMs) are associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis but remain therapeutically challenging due to their distinct immunosuppressive microenvironment. Surgical removal of LNMs is further complicated ...; — Yueyang DengMo ChenTianxu FangTianwen LuoXiaona CaoGuojun ChenaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, CanadabRosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Dynamic regulation of receptor-modulated endothelial NADPH oxidases: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceFor many years, oxidants were thought only to have deleterious effects on cells. We now know that the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a physiological role in endothelial cell signaling involving the NADPH oxidase isoforms ...; — Markus Waldeck-WeiermairApabrita A. DasTaylor A. CovingtonJennifer L. MeitzlerJames H. DoroshowJunyi DuanYick W. FongJonas KaynertShambhu YadavTanoy DuttaFotios SpyropoulosArvind K. PandeyThomas MichelaHeart and Vascular Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115bGottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, AustriacCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892dDivision of Cancer Treatment... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Constraints on the impactor flux to the Earth–Moon system from oxygen isotopes of the lunar regolith: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceLunar regolith is the longest continuously accessible record of impact debris, integrating bombardment products for nearly 4 billion years. Conventional reconstructions of impactor flux based on siderophile and highly siderophile elements are ...; — Anthony M. GarganoJustin I. SimonErick CanoKaren ZieglerCharles K. ShearerJames M. D. DayZachary SharpaLunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058bAstromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058cScripps Institution of Oceanography, Geosciences Research Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093dCenter for Stable Isotopes, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001eInstitute of Meteoritics, University o... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Calumenin prevents fibroblast senescence and lung aging by promoting vimentin proteostasis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceProgressive lung fibrosis is closely linked to aging-related dysfunction in fibroblasts, yet our understanding of this relationship is limited. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms through which fibroblast senescence impacts lung ...; — Ting DongXue JiaoHuirui WangYinghui GaoYuliang XuHui LiSenbiao FangXinyi ChenMengmeng WangHanbing ZhuNianyu LiBo HanMei QiKaige LyuKaicheng MaKe LiHaigen FuBowen GuWenfei LiYingying QinZi-Jiang ChenXiaohui LiuHongxiang LouaDepartment of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinabDepartment of Biochem... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
ER membrane receptors engage core autophagy machinery to initiate ER-phagy: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central organelle of the eukaryotic cell that is essential for cellular homeostasis. ER-phagy, a specialized form of autophagy, governs ER abundance and integrity by targeting dysfunctional ER fragments ...; — Cha WuHaixia YangChen WangPeiqi HuangNing YanRuobing RenWei LiuYi LuChunmei ChangaState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinabShanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinacCenter for Metabolism Research, International Institutes of Medicine, International School of... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Conservation should assume realistic adaptive capacities: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
Conservation actions often assume implicitly that heritabilities are zero and that threatened populations cannot adapt to changing environments. To illustrate, we evaluated the last 10 y of recovery plans for US threatened and endangered species and found ...; — Mark C. UrbanChris S. ElphickDaniel I. BolnickaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269bCenter of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Ubiquitination of BAM1 attenuates CLE peptide–mediated signaling in the root apical meristem: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe receptor kinase BARELY ANY MERISTEM1 (BAM1) drives phloem formation and regulates other aspects of root development. However, the mechanisms underlying BAM1 degradation remain unclear. Our study reveals that two closely related ubiquitin ...; — Yuanyuan ZhouFei LiuYongfeng HanJiaojiao BaiBaowen ZhangWenqiang TangXiaoping GouYan ZhangDongping LuaSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, ChinabCenter for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, ChinacFrontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinadMinistry of Educatio... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Differential Hes1 activation defines neural stem cell lineage commitment and niche maintenance in embryonic and adult mouse cortex: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceHere, we explored the functional significance of Notch-independentHes1(NIHes1) expression in a subset of neural stem cells (NSCs). Radial glial cells (RGCs), which are well studied, belong to the Notch-dependentHes1-expressing (NDHes1) ...; — Paul Ann RiyaRahul JoseVadakkath MeeraBudhaditya BasuSuresh SuryaRamankunju AryasreeNair Pradeep JyothiSurendran ParvathySivadasan Bindu DhaneshRajendran SanalkumarViviane PrazNicolo RiggiJackson JamesaNeuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, IndiabResearch Centre-Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, IndiacBi... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Real-time spatiotemporal tracking of infectious outbreaks in confined environments with a host–pathogen agent-based system: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceInfection outbreaks in confined environments, such as schools, nursing homes, college dormitories, or cruise ships, can pose substantial medical risks to large populations within short timeframes. Modeling such outbreaks is challenging due to ...; — Suhas SrinivasanJeffrey KingJacob M. CollinsAndres ColubriDmitry KorkinaData Science Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609bProgram in Epithelial Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305cCenter for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305dEarthshot Labs, Mill Valley, CA 94941eDepartment of Genomics and Computational Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605fBioinformatics and Computational Biology Program,... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Functionally heterogeneous intratumoral CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells can give rise to single-positive T cells: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceCD4+CD8+double-positive T cells, which are classically thymic T precursors, have been described in tumors of cancer patients, but their role in this context is not fully understood. Using single-cell analyses, we show that intratumoral DP T ...; — Tony LiArielle IlanoMarcel Arias-BadiaDiamond LuongHewitt ChangSerena S. KwekKathryn AllaireArun ChumberMason SakamotoMatthew ClarkAverey LeaMark BridgeBrandon ChenEric LiuSima PortenMaxwell V. MengLauren I. R. ErlichDavid Y. OhLawrence FongaDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143bHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143cDepartment of Urology, University of California, ... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Scaling the glassy dynamics of active particles: Tunable fragility and reentrance: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceDense active materials such as tissues made up of tightly packed cells have gained attention in the physics community because of the competition between slow, glass-like dynamics arising from crowding, and fluidization by active forces. We ...; — Puneet PareekPeter SollichSaroj Kumar NandiLudovic BerthieraTata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, IndiabInstitute for Theoretical Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, GermanycGulliver, CNRS UMR 7083, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Universitéde recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris 75005, France 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human–machine interactions: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceEveryday technologies increasingly need materials that are as soft and resilient as skin yet as perceptive as electronics. We present a soft magnetic gel (referred to GelGMI) that senses nearby motion without physical touch, stretches with the ...; — Yizhang WuSicheng XingDingyi YangYihan LiuChi DingZifeng LiQizhang JiaoAnran ZhangZiheng GuoSiyuan LiuWei LuoGongkai YuanMeixiang WangYong WangMichael D. DickeyWubin BaiaDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599bWide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinacDepartment of Physic... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Sleep loss induces cholesterol-associated myelin dysfunction: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAlthough the behavioral consequences of sleep loss (SL) are well known, the underlying biology has remained elusive. This study identifies oligodendrocytes as key mediators by linking sleep deprivation to impaired myelin integrity, slowed ...; — Reyila SimayiEleonora FiciaràOluwatomisin FaniyanAntonio Cerdán CerdáAmina Aboufares El AlaouiRosamaria FioriniAdele CutignanoFabiana PiscitelliAroa S. MarotoAlexandra SantosFederico Del GalloLuisa de VivoSilvia De SantisMichele BellesiaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, ItalybCenter for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, ItalycSchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, ItalydInstituto de Neurociencias ... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Liganded LolCDE structures reveal a common substrate-LolE interaction guiding bacterial lipoprotein transport: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceLipoproteins in Gram-negative bacteria are vital components of the outer membrane that provides a barrier against antibiotics. An essential transport apparatus, the Lol system, comprises an inner membrane transporter, LolCDE, that extracts ...; — Paul SzewczykNicholas P. GreeneMartyn F. SymmonsSteven W. HardwickVassilis KoronakisaDepartment of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United KingdombDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom 2026-01-20 08:00:00
BORC assemblies integrate BLOC-1 subunits to diversify endosomal trafficking functions: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceEukaryotic cells depend on complex molecular machines to regulate internal transport. We studied two ancient complexes, BORC and BLOC-1, which were previously considered separate entities. Our research reveals the existence and regulated ...; — Mariana E. G. de AraujoSascha J. AmannTaras StasykAlexander SchleifferEva RauchPaula FlümannIsabel I. SingerLeopold KremserVojtech DostalThanida LaopanupongNikolaus ObojesMoritz H. WallnöferFlora S. GradlRobert KurzbauerCaroline KrebiehlSamuel KoflerIrina GrishkovskayaGeorg F. VogelMichael W. HessBettina SargTim ClausenDavid HaselbachLukas A. HuberaInstitute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, AustriabResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna... 2026-01-20 08:00:00
A neural circuit basis for reward-induced suppression of fear generalization and enhancement of fear extinction: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificancePrior work suggests that positive affect can have a significant impact on fear-related learning. The neural circuit mechanisms that allow stimuli with positive attributes to impact fear processing have not been resolved. Here, we demonstrate ...; — Yong Sang JoMi-Seon KongEkayana SethiGyeong Hee PyeonLarry S. ZweifelaSchool of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreabDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105cPeptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037dDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Evolutionary adaptations to the hormonal regulation of vascular tissue development: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceVascular tissues are a hallmark of land plants, enabling long-distance transport and structural support. Although the interplay between auxin and cytokinin during vascular development is well characterized in few model plants, it remains ...; — Wei XiaoEline VerhelstLing YangYuji KeBert De RybelaDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, BelgiumbVIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, BelgiumcState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Anharmonicity driven unusual particle-to-wave-like phonon crossover leads to ultralow thermal conductivity in Tl2AgI3: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThermal transport in crystalline solids is typically governed by particle-like phonon propagation. Here, we find a rare and experimentally validated transition from particle-like propagation to wave-like coherence in the zero-dimensional (0D) ...; — Riddhimoy PathakSayan PaulShuva BiswasSwapan K. PatiKanishka BiswasaNew Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, IndiabTheoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, IndiacSchool of Advanced Materials and International Centre of Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946–1970: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceMeasuring change over time in the predictors of education is challenging; traditional survey-based methods vary both between and within generations. Genetic data are constant throughout the lifecourse and comparable across cohorts, providing a ...; — Tim T. MorrisLiam WrightGemma ShirebyDavid BannaCentre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1H 0NU, United Kingdom 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Structural basis for iterative methylation by a cobalamin-dependent radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme in cystobactamids biosynthesis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceCbl-dependent radical SAM methylases (RSMs) use two SAM molecules to methylate unactivated carbons. One SAM is used to methylate cob(I)alamin, generating methylcobalamin (MeCbl). A second SAM molecule is used to generate a 5′-deoxyadenosyl ...; — Jiayuan CuiBo WangRavi K. MauryaSquire J. BookeraDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802bDepartment of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cHHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815dDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802eDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
The contribution of increased global soil salinity to changes in inorganic carbon: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceSoil inorganic carbon is an important part of the atmospheric carbon cycle. Salinized soil is particularly important to explain the lack of a carbon sink. In this study, we find that soil salinity makes an important contribution to inorganic ...; — Xiaofang JiangXian XueaDrylands Salinization Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinabGuangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, ChinacState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinadCollege of Geographical... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
A cytokine receptor–targeting chimera toolbox for expanding extracellular targeted protein degradation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe field of targeted protein degradation has been expanding rapidly into the extracellular space, providing several advantages over traditional inhibitors. Even with the emergence of new extracellular targeted protein degradation (eTPD) ...; — Kaan KumruZi YaoBrandon B. HolmesFangzhu ZhaoYun ZhangEmilio FerraraTrenton M. Peters-ClarkeKevin K. LeungJames A. WellsaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158bDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158cWeill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158dDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San ... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
GFP-free live neuron quantitative imaging reveals compartmentalization and growth dynamics of polyQ aggregates: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificancePolyglutamine (polyQ) aggregates are a hallmark of Huntington’s Disease (HD), yet their molecular mechanisms and pathological roles remain elusive. Here, we establish a noninvasive platform to quantitatively study polyQ aggregates in live ...; — Xiaotian BiBerea SuenLi-En LinKun MiaoLu WeiaDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 2026-01-21 08:00:00
A single-domain expansin-like protein from Gloeophyllum trabeum able to cleave xylan: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceProtein–mediated plant cell wall–loosening is a natural process that enables plant growth and improves cell wall accessibility for microorganisms. Expansin–related proteins (ERPs) are key to this process, but their mechanism is not fully ...; — Ignacio Delgado SantamaríaHeidi ØstbyVincent G. H. EijsinkAnikó VárnaiaFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1432, Norway 2026-01-21 08:00:00
The molecular mechanism of lipid uptake by membrane-anchored bridge-like lipid transfer proteins: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceBridge-like lipid transfer proteins (BLTPs) are present at almost all known intracellular membrane contact sites and have been implicated in many neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Cohen syndrome, ataxia, or chorea-...; — Daniel ÁlvarezPaige Chandran BlairCristian Rocha-RoaMichael DaveyElizabeth ConibearStefano VanniaDepartment of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, SwitzerlandbDepartment of Engineering, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville 41704, SpaincDepartment of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC VH6 3N1, CanadadCentre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Colu... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Selective targeting of NRF2-high pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with an NQO1-activatable prodrug: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceNRF2 activation is associated with resistance to oxidant-producing chemo- and radiotherapies, as well as enhanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and metastatic spread, and poor patient survival. Here, we show that NRF2highPDAC ...; — Laura AntonucciKosuke WatariYechen FengJingjing QiMandy ZhuTingya WangIsabella NgEmily A. VucicIrene RiahiLi HuangMojgan HosseiniEvangeline MoseRandall FrenchJonathan WeitzDafna Bar-SagiDavid W. DawsonBeicheng SunHerve TiriacJinyi XuShengtao XuAndrew M. LowyMichael KarinaDepartment of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093bDepartment of Pathology, Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Tr... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Structural characterization of the HDV virion and its ribonucleoprotein: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceChronic Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of viral hepatitis. Inhibition of viral replication is a promising strategy to achieve HDV cure but is challenging due to our limited understanding of the molecular ...; — Samuel ItskanovBeatrice AryUpasana MehraIrene LewNikolai NovikovUli SchmitzMeghan M. HoldorfRudolf K. BeranEric B. LansdonaStructural Biology & Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404bDiscovery Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404cDiscovery Sciences & Tech, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404dProtein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404 2026-01-21 08:00:00
A shear-induced limit on bacterial surface adhesion in fluid flow: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe prevention and management of bacterial contamination relies on accurately predicting the rate at which bacteria adhere to surfaces. This rate is especially challenging to predict in fluid systems, such as urinary catheters or food ...; — Edwina F. YeoBenjamin J. WalkerPhilip PearceMohit P. DalwadiaDepartment of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1H 0AY, United KingdombInstitute for the Physics of Living Systems, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AY, United KingdomcMathematical Institute, Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom 2026-01-21 08:00:00
The role of fibration symmetries in geometric deep learning: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis work extends the current framework of Geometric Deep Learning to incorporate local symmetries, specifically fibration symmetries, which are more commonly found in real-world data. By introducing these local symmetries, we improve the ...; — Osvaldo M. VelardeLucas C. ParraPaolo BoldiHernán A. MakseaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031bDepartment of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan 20133, ItalycDepartment of Physics, Levich Institute, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Spatially regulated mRNA translation enables functional membrane protein integration in synthetic cells: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceA major challenge in synthetic cell construction is the de novo synthesis and incorporation of membrane proteins into the lipid bilayer. In this study, we introduce a concept of membrane-proximal spatial constraint on messenger RNA (mRNA) ...; — Hang FuLijuan MaChunhua XuJinghua LiHaochen OuyangCongbao XieYunhai SunYuanxiao TaoHao WangShuxin HuMeifang FuHai ZhengHonghong ZhangChenli LiuFangfu YeYan QiaoMing LiYing LuaBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinabWenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, ChinacUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinadKey Laboratory of Quantitative S... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha regulates fetal testis differentiation via an ERK–CREB axis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceDuring organ formation, intracellular signaling pathways drive the differentiation of specific cell types to ensure tissue morphogenesis and function. In the fetal testis, critical structures and cell types include testis cords and ...; — Shu-Yun LiSatoko MatsuyamaSarah WhitesideXiaowei GuJonah CoolBlanche CapelTony DeFalcoaReproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229bDepartment of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710cDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 2026-01-21 08:00:00
α2-macroglobulin function of thioester-containing proteins guards Drosophila from a bacterial protease via two immune-induced peptides: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceShenshu/Yulü peptides are evolutionary innovations that appeared in theDrosophilaSophophora subgenus with some species harboring only one peptide gene. They thus may partially mediate the adaptation to their ecological niches. Here, we find ...; — Chuping CaiAdrian AckerJianqiong HuangYingying LiuMaria Victoria MolinoJavier F. MariscottiEleonora Garcia-VéscoviPhilippe BuletPhilippe HammannJohana ChicherSamuel LiegeoisZi LiJules A. HoffmannNicolas MattDominique FerrandonaSino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, ChinabFaculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, FrancecModèles Insectes de l’Immunité Innée, Unité Propre de Recherche 9022 du CNRS, Institut de Bi... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Emergent ferromagnetism and unusual irreversible magnetoresistance in an intercalated van der Waals antiferromagnet: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceTuning magnetism is of great interest in the context of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems and magnetic memory devices. However, most 2D magnets are limited by low transition temperature and lack of memory effects. Here, we demonstrate that ...; — Zixin ZhaiWenhao LiuXiaoyu GuoDaniel J. SchulzeTing-Wei KuoNishkarsh AgarwalAlex StangelPramanand JoshiJ. Ping LiuLiangzi DengRobert HovdenLiuyan ZhaoChing-Wu ChuBing LvaDepartment of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080bDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109cDepartment of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204dDepartment of Material Science and Engineering and Applied Physics Program, Un... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Quantifying the compressibility of the human brain: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe correlations between different regions of the human brain define the shape of neural activity. While these correlations form the foundation for our understanding of human brain function, basic questions remain. How many correlations do we ...; — Nicholas J. WeaverJoshua FaskowitzRichard F. BetzelChristopher W. LynnaDepartment of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520bQuantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520cProgram in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520dDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405eDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455fMasonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Univer... 2026-01-21 08:00:00
The EPS-I exopolysaccharide transforms Ralstonia wilt pathogen biofilms into viscoelastic fluids for rapid dissemination in planta: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex (RSSC) pathogens threaten global food security by fatally wilting hundreds of plant species, including an estimated 3% global yield loss to potato. Here, we used a soft matter physics lens to demystify ...; — Matthew L. Cope-ArguelloJiayu LiZachary KonkelNathalie AounTabitha CowellNicholas WagnerA. Li Han ChanLan Thanh ChuSamantha WangMariama D. CarterCaitilyn AllenLindsay J. CaverlyLoan BuiKristen M. DeAngelisMatthew J. WargoTuan M. TranJonathan M. JacobsHarishankar ManikantanTiffany M. Lowe-PoweraDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616cDepartment of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State Unive... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
In situ observations of gold deposition in a dense liquid layer at the pyrite–water interface: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe adsorption and reduction of gold ions on pyrite surfaces cause the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and induce efficient gold precipitation. However, the nucleation mechanisms and growth kinetics of AuNPs at the pyrite–water ...; — Hongmei TangHaiyang XianTeng DengZhaolu HeShan LiYiping YangHonggang LiaoYouhong JiangJiaxin XiJianxi ZhuHongping HeaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Carbon Reduction, Institute of Energy Research, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinacGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Mate... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
A surface-exposed cardiolipin synthase provides an unexpected paradigm for maintaining the Gram-negative outer membrane: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is a unique structure that protects cells from environmental stress and blocks the entry of many antibiotics. Understanding how bacteria build and maintain this membrane is essential for combating ...; — Carmen M. HerreraLucas M. DemeyCourtney K. EllisonM. Stephen TrentaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602bDepartment of Microbiology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Slippage reconfiguration of trinucleotide repeat hairpins impedes resolution by human replication protein A: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceTandem CTG/CAG repeats destabilize genomes and promote neurodegenerative disease through secondary structure formation, yet how single-stranded DNA-binding proteins counteract these structures remains unclear. Using single-molecule ...; — Yu-Chi KuangSzu-Yu ChenHao-Yen ChangCheng-Wei NiPeter ChiI-Ren LeeaDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, TaiwanbInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, TaiwancInternational Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwandMolecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, TaiwaneDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwa... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Optimization via the strategic law of large numbers: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis work proposes a framework for global optimization, showing that global optimization is equivalent to optimal strategy formation in a two-armed decision problem with known distributions, based on the strategic law of large numbers we ...; — Xiaohong ChenZengjing ChenWayne Yuan GaoXiaodong YanGuodong ZhangaDepartment of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511bZhongtai Securities Institute for Financial Studies, State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, ChinacDepartment of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dDepartment of Statistics and Data Sciences, Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaeDepartment of Mathematical Statistics, School... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Probing the dark energy in the functional protein universe: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceProteins often need to fold and acquire a reliable local structure to provide specificity or to manifest rigidity so as to transfer molecular information over distance. To carry out the myriad of biological activities in addition there are ...; — Ezequiel A. GalpernCarlos BuenoIgnacio E. SánchezPeter G. WolynesDiego U. FerreiroaProtein Physiology Lab, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinabInstituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinacCenter for Theoretical Biological Physics,... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Nuclear MBL-1 modulates mitochondrial morphology through carnitine palmitoyltransferase in Caenorhabditis elegans with toxic trinucleotide repeats: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceRNA repeat toxicity contributes to many degenerative disorders, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. While mitochondrial disruption has been implicated, its role in disease progression is unclear. This study reveals how mitochondrial ...; — Joana TeixeiraMikko J. FrilanderOve ErikssonSusana M. D. A. GarciaaInstitute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, FinlandbDepartment of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Type I IFN autoantibodies underlie chikungunya live-attenuated vaccine encephalitis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAutoantibodies that block type I interferons (IFNs) have recently been recognized as major causes of a growing number of life-threatening viral infections. We report that these autoantibodies also explain severe brain inflammation in elderly ...; — Adrian GervaisPaul BastardQian ZhangMarie-Christine Jaffar-BandjeeLucy BizienLotfi DahmaneMarie-Pierre MoitonJulien JabotRadj CallyAlexis MaillardEtienne FrumenceXavier de LamballerieYazdan YazdanpanahJérémie RosainAurélie CobatLaurent AbelAnne PuelCyril FerdynusÉmilie MosnierPatrick GérardinShen-Ying ZhangJean-Laurent CasanovaaLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, FrancebImagine Institute, Paris ... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Symmetry-protected topological polarons: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWhen electrons move through a solid, they can distort the surrounding lattice and become trapped, forming composite particles known as polarons. These distortions were long assumed to be trivial, consisting of simple contractions or expansions ...; — Kaifa LuoJon Lafuente-BartolomeFeliciano GiustinoaDepartment of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712bOden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712cDepartment of Physics, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Metabolic rewiring and biomass redistribution enable optimized mixotrophic growth in Chlamydomonas: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAlgae are a promising source of renewable feedstocks for energy, natural products, and biomass. Still, carbon partitioning strategies that dictate algae growth and biomass composition remain incompletely understood, limiting rational ...; — Somnath KoleyKevin FoleyZoee PerrineStewart A. MorleyShrikaar KambhampatiOlivia GomezKevin L. ChuYi-Hsiang ChouMichael WeiShin-Cheng TzengRussell WilliamsJames G. UmenDoug K. AllenaDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132bUniversity of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Innovation Institute, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Disorder-induced stress–flow misalignment in soft glassy materials revealed using multidirectional shear: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceMechanical properties of soft glassy materials (such as toothpaste or mayonnaise) are key to e.g. 3d printing or medical applications. They are viscoelastic solids at rest but flow as liquids above a stress threshold due to a disordered ...; — Frédéric BlancGuillaume OvarlezAdam TriguiKirsten MartensRomain MariaInstitut de Physique de Nice, UMR7010, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 17 rue Julien Lauprêtre, Nice 06200, FrancebUniv. Bordeaux, CNRS, Syensqo, LOF, UMR 5258, Pessac F-33600, FrancecUniv. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble 38000, France 2026-01-22 08:00:00
A sexually dimorphic neuronal cluster in the mouse medial amygdala responds to male sexual status: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWe identified a distinct cluster of neurons in the medial amygdala of mice showing a striking on/off pattern of c-fos promoter activity. This cluster is consistently active in females, independent of age or sexual experience, but remains ...; — Tamar LichtAdan AkariehAya DhamshyAmit ZeiselOsnat OphirDan RokniaDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, IsraelbFaculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Paleoclimate pattern effects help constrain climate sensitivity and 21st-century warming: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceClimate sensitivity’s uncertain upper bound determines the worst-case projections of global warming. Recent paleoclimate reconstructions suggest high sensitivity of 5 °C per CO2doubling. However, by analyzing spatial patterns of Pliocene ...; — Vincent T. CooperKyle C. ArmourGregory J. HakimJessica E. TierneyNatalie J. BurlsCristian ProistosescuTimothy AndrewsWenhao DongMichelle T. DvorakRan FengMatthew B. OsmanYue DongaDepartment of Atmospheric and Climate Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195bSchool of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195cDepartment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721dDepartment of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA ... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Caspase-3 cleaves and activates the NADase SARM1 to promote apoptosis, linking two cell death mechanisms: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceSterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1 (SARM1), an NAD+ hydrolase, drives axon degeneration/cell death in injured axons and in many neurodegenerative disease models. SARM1 can be activated by sensing a rise in the nicotinamide ...; — Jianjin ShiYe Eun KimNicolás José DeRuiterPriyanka KadavMarc Tessier-LavigneaDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Cytoplasmic crowding acts as a porous medium reducing macromolecule diffusion: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceMolecular diffusion is a fundamental and energy-saving transport mechanism. As such, it is central to numerous functions in living cells such as cell growth, biochemical signaling, and gene synthesis. However, the intracellular space is ...; — Olivier DestrianNicolas MoisanRené-Marc MègeBenoit LadouxBenoit GoyeauMorgan ChabanonaUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire d’Energétique Moleculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, FrancebUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris 75013, FrancecDepartment of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, GermanydMax-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin and Max Planck Institute for the S... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Nitrate-induced NLP1 SUMOylation regulates nitrate signaling and root nodulation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceLegume nodulation enables biological nitrogen fixation but is strongly repressed by nitrate. NIN-like proteins (NLPs) mediate this nitrate response, yet how their activity is regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SUMOylation—a ...; — Jing LiuZhenpeng LuoJiang WangJieshun LinFang XieaCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, ChinabKey Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinacUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinadDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore 2026-01-23 08:00:00
STING single amino acid polymorphisms modulate iridovirus immune evasion and pathogenicity spectrum: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis study reveals the molecular mechanism by which the fish iridovirus ISKNV achieves immune evasion through targeted regulation of the stimulator of interferon genes-interferon pathway via single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) at the K315/...; — Xiaowei QinMincong LiangWeiqiang PanZhipeng ZhanChuanrui LiYanlin YouShaoping WengJianguo HeChangjun GuoaState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinabGuangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Universi... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Observation of emergent scaling of spin–charge correlations at the onset of the pseudogap: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceUnderstanding strongly correlated fermions constitutes a major challenge of modern physics. Here, we take a significant step in this direction, by the finding of a universal scaling of spin and charge correlations upon entering the pseudogap ...; — Thomas ChalopinPetar BojovićSi WangTitus FranzAritra SinhaZhenjiu WangDominik BourgundJohannes ObermeyerFabian GrusdtAnnabelle BohrdtLode PolletAlexander WietekAntoine GeorgesTimon HilkerImmanuel BlochaMax-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, GermanybMunich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Munich 80799, GermanycInstitut d’Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91127, FrancedMax Planck Institute for the Physics o... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Discovery and mechanism of negative allosteric modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nanobodies: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
Significanceα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are major components of the nervous system. Inhibitors of those ion channels could be used in the treatment of several diseases, including depression and anxiety troubles, but also cancers. To date, only a ...; — Nathalie BariloneMaria VangelatouF. Zahra MaroufGabrielle Dejean de la BâtieQimeng LiPierre LafayeGabriel AyméPierre-Jean CorringerMarie S. PrevostaNeuroscience Department, Signaling and Receptors Dynamics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris 75015, FrancebLanzhou Institute of Biological Product Co., Lanzhou 730000, ChinacCenter for Technological Resources and Research, Antibody Engineering platform, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, ... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Direct observation of liquid–liquid phase coexistence in deeply supercooled water using an accurate polarizable multipole model: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe hypothesis of liquid–liquid phase separation in deeply supercooled water has captivated the physics and chemistry communities for decades, but experiments are hindered by spontaneous ice nucleation. Computational studies on supercooled ...; — Lee-Ping WangMargaret L. BerrensDavide DonadioaDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616bPhysical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Droplet growth, Ostwald’s rule, and emergence of order in Fused in Sarcoma: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe unstructured part of an RNA-binding protein (FUS-LC) that undergoes phase separation has three regions that form mutually exclusive, nonpolymorphic cross-βcores. The C-terminal core (core-3) forms first, while the fibril forming core-2 ...; — Farkhad MaksudovMauro L. MugnaiLaura DominguezDmitrii E. MakarovD. ThirumalaiaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712bInstitute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057cDepartamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México (CDMX) 04510, MexicodOden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
mGluR1 signaling is necessary for strengthening winner climbing fiber inputs in the developing mouse cerebellum: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe precise formation of neural circuits relies on both the selective strengthening of frequently used synaptic inputs and the elimination of redundant connections. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, strengthening a single “winner” climbing fiber (...; — Miwako YamasakiTaisuke MiyazakiKouichi HashimotoNorio TakeiAtsu AibaMasanobu KanoMasahiko WatanabeaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, JapanbDepartment of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, JapancDepartment of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, JapandInstitute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medi... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Gpr171 regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem cell emergence via ERK1/2 and Notch signaling: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in vertebrate embryos under the coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Despite advances in developmental biology, robust protocols for generating functional HSCs in vitro remain ...; — Kun ZhouHongyan LiuKai ZhuLonghai YuPeng-Fei XuYan LiaKey Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of China and Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Biological Products, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, ChinabCenter for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang ... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Protein language models trained on biophysical dynamics inform mutation effects: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe sequence—structure (ensemble)—function relationship is central to biology. Protein dynamics in the structure ensemble determine function and mutation effects, and are widely used to study thermodynamics, folding pathways, and dynamic ...; — Chao HouHaiqing ZhaoYufeng ShenaDepartment of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555cSealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555dDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032eJP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia U... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Intermediate evolutionary state of motile sperm and pollen tubes in the extant gymnosperm Cycas revoluta: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceCycads and ginkgo, possessing primitive motile sperm and derived pollen tubes, are important for understanding the evolution of land plant fertilization from zooidogamy to siphonogamy. We explored gene expression in pollen tubes and ...; — Yukiho ToyamaSatohiro OkudaTakamasa SuzukiTetsuya HigashiyamaaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanbDepartment of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Force-dependent structural dynamics of the giant nesprin-2: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe authors provide a direct, single-molecule quantification of the force-dependent structural dynamics of the giant nesprin-2 protein under physiologically relevant forces and loading rates. They reveal how the dynamic unfolding and refolding ...; — Fei ShangYuhang ZhangJiaqing YeZhuwei ZhangXingyu QiHu ChenMiao YuShimin LeaDepartment of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinabDepartment of Biochemistry and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinacDepartment of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Social movements are transformative agents for biodiversity conservation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis study provides insights into the role of socio-environmental mobilizations in advancing biodiversity conservation globally. By analyzing a large dataset of over 2,800 cases, we demonstrate that these mobilizations frequently occur within ...; — Mariana WalterArnim ScheidelClara VadezDaniela Del BeneLeah TemperEleonora FanariVictoria Reyes-GarcíaaInstitut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona 08005, SpainbInstitut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, SpaincDepartment of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United KingdomdDepartment of Asian and North African Studies, Ca’ Foscari University, Venice 30123, ItalyeHealth and Econom... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Broad beta-CoV immunity and transmission blockade by a single-dose live-attenuated vaccine with atypical codon usage: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWe report a rational-designed live-attenuated beta-coronavirus vaccine (cb1) with altered codon usage bias. cb1 is a highly attenuated yet immunologically potent vaccine, capable of eliciting both systemic and mucosal immune responses, ...; — Nigeer TeAlex Wing Hong ChinHaogao GuJanice Zhirong JiaYi HuangSamuel Mo Sheung ChengChee Wah TanJincun ZhaoKenrie Pui Yan HuiMichael Chi Wai ChanBo FengAhmed Abdul QuadeerMatthew R. McKayLinfa WangSophie A. ValkenburgMalik PeirisLeo Lit Man PoonaSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinabCentre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Dynamics of working memory drift and information flow across the cortical hierarchy: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWorking memory stores information necessary for decision-making and planning. While it is now clear that the contents of working memory are widely distributed across the brain, how this information evolves and dynamically flows between regions ...; — Hsin-Hung LiWei Ji MaClayton E. CurtisaDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003bDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210cCenter for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Clever algorithms for glasses work by time reparameterization: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceWhy do amorphous materials flow so slowly when temperature or density is mildly changed? Competing explanations typically fall into two pictures, where the dynamics is either controlled by the static structure of the energy landscape or ...; — Federico GhimentiLudovic BerthierJorge KurchanFrédéric van WijlandaLaboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité & CNRS (UMR 7057), Paris 75013, FrancebDepartment of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cLaboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier & CNRS (UMR 5221), Montpellier 34095, FrancedGulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University,... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
A fully synthetic Golden Gate assembly system for engineering a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phiKMV-like phage: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceBacteriophages present powerful tools for combatting antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However evolution of bacterial resistance, narrow host range, and limited phage strain availability present challenges to the widespread use of ...; — Andrew P. SikkemaKaitlyn E. KortrightHemaa SelvakumarJyot AntaniBenjamin K. ChanMatthew DavidsonMax HopkinsBenjamin NewmanVladimir PotapovCecilia A. Silva-ValenzuelaS. Kasra TabatabaeiRobert McBridePaul E. TurnerGregory J. S. LohmanaApplied Molecular Biology Division, New England Biolabs Research Department, Ipswich, MA 01938bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511cCenter for Phage Biology & Therapy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511dFelix Biote... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Molecular architecture and diversity of StopGo/2A translational recoding: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceStopGo is a genetic recoding strategy that cotranslationally produces two sequentially encoded proteins from a single open reading frame. StopGo elements are extensively used for coexpression of multiple genes in biotechnology, agriculture, ...; — Xueyan LiPhilipp K. ZuberGary LoughranPramod R. BhattFatema AlquraishV. RamakrishnanAndrew E. FirthJohn F. AtkinsaStructural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United KingdombSchool of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, IrelandcDepartment of Pathology/Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom 2026-01-23 08:00:00
A Period1 inducer specifically advances circadian clock in mice: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceHere, we reveal that Mic-628 specifically and sufficiently inducesPer1, provoking an abrupt phase advance in mouse behavioral rhythms, regardless of the timing of administration. Disruption of tandem E-boxes in themPer1promoter abolishes ...; — Yoshifumi TakahataYuki KasashimaTakuya YoshiokaShusei YashikiJustina KulikauskaiteTomoaki MatsuuraYuki OhbaHideaki HasegawaNaoki YuriNagisa IwaiNanako OtsuMikiya KitakataYuta KitaguchiHaruki FuruneChihiro OmoriMutsumi MukaiYuki Komamura-KohnoYi-Ying HuangMatsumi HiroseNobuya KoikeYoichi YamadaKazuo NakazawaKumiko Ui-TeiYoshiyuki SakakiRika NumanoKoichiro UriuHajime TeiaDepartment of Genome Editing Research and Development Unit, Graduate School of Dentistry, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
A class of COPI cargo receptors regulates processing of transmembrane proteins by reinforcing their Golgi retention: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceTransmembrane (TM) receptors are essential in transducing signals that govern crucial cellular functions. Dysregulation of their activity is often associated with various diseases. These receptors, which are localized on the plasma membrane, ...; — Jinghu GaoChengge CongYanfang WuYun XiangBing YanQinyu JiaZhong-ping YaoYusong GuoJunjie HuaDepartment of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinabKey Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinacDivision of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, ChinadCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeSt... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Pore size dynamics control complex volume swelling in pyroptosis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAmong programmed modes of lytic cell death, pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) and ninjurin-1 (Ninj1) involves dramatic changes in cell shape and large volume fluctuations, fundamentally altering the cell’s physical properties. By ...; — Estelle BastienGuillaume DuprezHélène Delanoë-AyariHubert LeloupCharlotte RivièreVirginie PetrilliPierre RechoSylvain MonnieraInstitut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69100, FrancebLaboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5588, Grenoble F-38000, FrancecCentre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon F-69000, France 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Cortical O2 supply and metabolism are suppressed in the aged mice: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThis study examined how aging affects brain oxygen delivery and metabolism, uncovering a previously unrecognized role of RBCs in age-related alterations of capillary blood flow. RBCs from aged mice showed reduced responsiveness and slower O2...; — Hongyi KangSitong ZhouMichael GiannettoEvan D. McConnellNing KangQian SunHetince ZhaoHelen S. WeiKevin KramerYaojun GuoJuliana S. CostaSaul A. VilledaMaiken NedergaardJiandi WanaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794dDepa... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Mechanistic basis for relaxation of DNA supercoils by human topoisomerase IIIα–RMI1–RMI2: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe human topoisomerase IIIα–RMI1–RMI2 complex (TRR) is important for resolving entangled DNA structures known as ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs) during mitosis. Recent evidence suggests that this may involve the relaxation of negative ...; — Dian SpakmanAndreas S. BiebricherAnna H. BizardIan D. HicksonErwin J. G. PetermanGijs J. L. WuiteGraeme A. KingaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The NetherlandsbDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, DenmarkcInstitute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kin... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
A quorum-sensing molecule from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces defensive multicellularity in a coinfecting pathogen: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceBacteria frequently inhabit polymicrobial environments, where interactions with other species can alter bacterial behaviors, but such interactions and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. We investigated interactions between the ...; — Stefan Katharios-LanwermeyerTiffany M. ZarrellaMarshall GodsilStefanie SeverinAlejandro E. CasianoChin-Hsien TaiAnupama KhareaLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892bPostdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Impact of boiling liquid droplets: Vapor entrapment suppression: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceDroplet impacts are usually investigated in a noncondensable medium, such as air. What changes if the latter is replaced by vapor, initially in equilibrium with the impacting liquid? We find that the vapor may condense so fast that the ...; — Bernardo Palacios-MuñizEdgar Ortega-RoanoYee Li (Ellis) FanNayoung KimDevaraj van der MeeraPhysics of Fluids Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands 2026-01-23 08:00:00
RecBCD-dependent post-UV replication restart in Escherichia coli triggers fork triplication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceUltraviolet (UV) irradiation blocks chromosomal replication, so the cell has to excise UV-lesions to restart DNA synthesis. However, beyond the massive initiations from the origin, how chromosome replication is restarted is a subject of ...; — Elena A. KouzminovaGlen E. CronanAndrei KuzminovaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 2026-01-23 08:00:00
MTFR1L is a cardiac antiaging factor for maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in aging populations. Effective approaches to mitigate aging-related CVD and to maintain heart health are urgently needed. In this study, we identified ...; — Le ShiZehui SunYingxue CaoYuying LiWenjie QingLingli ZhouMingming XuXiaomei MaiLechun OuXiaoping YangDelaram ShakibaKaoru RiWangsheng OuJun ChenAvi RosenbergJean-François TrempeEdward A. FonXialin LiuYihai CaoElia J. DuhWei YiaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, ChinabDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 212... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Mating regulates growth, metabolism, and digestive efficiency in the female Drosophila midgut: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceAdaptive changes in organ size and function occur in most animals, but the significance of these and how they are regulated is not well understood. This paper describes changes in gene expression, physiology, metabolism, and digestion that ...; — Tahmineh KandeloueiMadeline E. HoughtonMitchell R. LewisCaroline C. KellerMarco MarchettiXiaoyu KangBruce A. EdgaraDepartment of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112cDepartment of Human Genetics, Immunology, Inflammation and Infections Disease Initiative-Utah Center for Genetic Discovery Bioinformatics Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 2026-01-23 08:00:00
A data-driven chromatin model reveals spatial and dynamic features of genome organization: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceChromatin must fold into organized three-dimensional structures within the cell nucleus to enable gene regulation and replication. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) experiments have provided insight into understand this spatial ...; — Antonio B. Oliveira JuniorMatheus F. MelloRonaldo J. OliveiraEsteban Dodero-RojasSumitabha BrahmachariVinícius G. ContessotoJosé N. OnuchicaCenter for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005bDepartamento de Física, Laboratório de Biofísica Teórica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e Educação, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, BrazilcDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005dDepartment of C... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Neurochemical imaging reveals changes in dopamine dynamics with photoperiod in a seasonally social vole species: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceMost neurobiological insights come from traditional model organisms, which often lack the behavioral diversity found in nature. Meadow voles, in contrast, undergo seasonal shifts in social behavior that offer a rare opportunity to study ...; — Jaewan MunKelley C. PowerNatsumi KomatsuSophia A. TomatzAnnaliese K. BeeryMarkita P. LandryaCalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720cDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801dDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720eHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of Cal... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Pharmacological chaperones mitigate noise-induced hearing loss by attenuating sustained PERK activation: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe current lack of clarity regarding the molecular pathways underlying Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) represents a significant obstacle to the development of therapeutic drugs for this condition. Our findings indicate noise exposure ...; — Ji Won HongHyehyun MinSoomin KimHyeong Gi SongYujin ChoiChul Hoon KimJinwoong BokHeon Yung GeeaDepartment of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreabDepartment of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreacDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreadWon-Sang Lee Insti... 2026-01-23 08:00:00
Plasmid mutation rates scale with copy number: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
SignificanceThe classic Luria–Delbrück experiment showed how mutations arise in single-copy bacterial chromosomes. Yet many genetic systems, including plasmids and the genomes of mitochondria, plastids, and cancer cells, exist in multiple copies. In such ...; — Paula Ramiro-MartínezIgnacio de QuintoLaura Jaraba-SotoVal F. LanzaCristina Herencias-RodríguezAdrián González CasanovaRafael Peña-MillerJerónimo Rodríguez-BeltránaMicrobiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid 28034, SpainbEscuela de Doctorado, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, SpaincCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto... 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Perceiving AI as labor-replacing reduces democratic legitimacy and political engagement: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.
AI is expected to reshape society and labor markets, yet experts remain divided on whether AI will primarily displace human labor or generate new employment opportunities. Despite the importance of this debate, little is known about how the public ...; — Armin GranuloAndreas RaffChristoph FuchsaInstitute for Market-based Management, LMU Munich School of Management, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, GermanybDepartment of Marketing and International Business, Faculty of Business, Economics, and Statistics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria 2026-01-22 08:00:00
Beyond species ranges: How functional diversity and integrated life history can inform conservation priorities: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — Patrick R. RoehrdanzaMoore Center for Science and Solutions, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Coral reef fish may be more important than we thought: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — Jason S. LinkaSenior Scientist for Ecosystems, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Human action shapes the beaks of backyard birds: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — John M. MarzluffaSchool of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 2026-01-20 08:00:00
No deep insights into the alignment between human and deep learning reasoning processes: Thoughts on de Varda et al. (2025): Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — Marin DujmovićaSchool of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Correction for Tian et al., DNA polymerase delta governs parental histone transfer to DNA replication lagging strand: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Correction for Keogh and Bilal, Combinatorial asymmetric acoustic metamaterials with real-time programmability: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Correction for Abels et al., Manipulating anthracyclines for deeper tissue penetration and implications for glycolytic tissues: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; 2026-01-21 08:00:00
Reply to Dujmović: The alignment in cost between human and model reasoning is an empirical phenomenon worth explaining: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; — Andrea Gregor de VardaFerdinando Pio D’EliaHope KeanAndrew LampinenEvelina FedorenkoaDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139bCenter for Language Technology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, DenmarkcGoogle DeepMind, Mountain View, CA 94043 2026-01-20 08:00:00
Retraction for Huang et al., Nanospherical arabinogalactan proteins are a key component of the high-strength adhesive secreted by English ivy: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 4, January 2026.; 2026-01-21 08:00:00

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