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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

2025-12-09 08:00:00

Rice farming for climate change adaptation in the Northeastern United States

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
In response to challenges posed by climate change, rice farming emerges as a strategic adaptation in the agriculture sector in the northeastern United States. Cultivating rice can diversify farming practices, create new sources of income, improve water ...

— Chuan LiaoJenny Kao-KniffinMatthew ReidWendong ZhangPrecious TshabalalaErik AndrusZachary Butler-JonesJordan LaPointShuai ZhouRadine RafolsSeongmin ShinMai IchiharaAutumn PereiraNatalia ButlerYing TuSusan R. McCouchaDepartment of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850bHorticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850cCornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850dSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering,... 2025-11-26 08:00:00

Stochastically evolving graphs via edit semigroups

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMany real-world networks change dynamically but can be notoriously difficult to study. We introduce a graph edit process that, at each step, randomly selects and applies an edit (e.g., adding or deleting an edge, or several edges in tandem) to ...

— Fan ChungSawyer Jack RobertsonaDepartment of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 2025-11-26 08:00:00

Global stability of epidemic models with uniform susceptibility

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMathematical models are widely used to study the spread of infectious diseases. A central question is whether these models predict that disease incidence will oscillate indefinitely, settle down to a constant level, or behave unpredictably ...

— David J. D. EarnC. Connell McCluskeyaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadabM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadacMathematics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Digital twins come to the life sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— David Adam 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Distinguishing subtypes of endothelial cells in the mouse aorta

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThis study refines our understanding of the cells lining the mouse aorta, a blood vessel commonly used to model atherosclerotic disease. Using advanced single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, distinct subtypes of endothelial cells (ECs) were ...

— Liqun HeRiikka PietiläYuyang MiaoElisa Vazquez-LiebanasMarie JeanssonLoren G. FongStephen G. YoungMaarja Andaloussi MäeLars MuhlChrister BetsholtzaDepartment of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, SwedenbDepartment of Medicine-Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE-141 57, SwedencDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095dCentre for Cancer Biomarkers, De... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Prebiotic organic compounds in samples of asteroid Bennu indicate heterogeneous aqueous alteration

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceSamples of asteroid Bennu obtained by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission preserve a record of the chemical evolution of the early Solar System. The organic compounds detected in laboratory analyses of these samples include various building blocks of ...

— Angel MojarroJosé C. AponteJason P. DworkinJamie E. ElsilaDaniel P. GlavinHarold C. ConnollyDante S. LaurettaaNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830bSolar System Exploration Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771cLunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721dDepartment of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowa... 2025-11-24 08:00:00

Integrating extensive functional annotations and multiomics of cattle enhances climate resilience prediction and mapping

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceOngoing work in functional annotations of genomes has generated rich datasets. We propose a method to link extensive functional annotations to genotype-to-phenotype associations. This method ranks annotation categories based on their ...

— Ruidong XiangEdmond BreenSunduimijid BolormaaZhiqian LiuChristy J. Vander JagtMichael DongKerstin Lindblad-TohSimone RochfortJennie E. PryceAmanda J. ChamberlainMichael E. GoddardaDivision of Genomics and Cellular Sciences, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliabSchool of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliacSchool of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 30... 2025-11-24 08:00:00

Cell envelope maintenance by PhoP is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis methylglyoxal resistance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMacrophage-produced methylglyoxal can restrict the growth of bacteria likeListeria monocytogenesbut notMycobacterium tuberculosis, suggestingM. tuberculosishas mechanisms to resist methylglyoxal toxicity. Using a genetic screen, we ...

— Phuong M. TranAndrea Anaya-SanchezDaisy X. JiMadeline C. R. SchwarzShiva K. AngalaMary C. JacksonSarah A. StanleyK. Heran DarwinaDepartment of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016bMicrobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720cMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523dDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Patho... 2025-11-26 08:00:00

Dynamic control of phase for tunable structural colors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceColor is central to consumer products, textiles, displays, and sensors, yet today’s colors often rely on chemical dyes that can be environmentally harmful and difficult to recycle. We demonstrate an approach for generating and controlling ...

— Aritra BiswasMahdi SoudiSouptik MukherjeePablo Cencillo-AbadJay PatelDebashis ChandaaCREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816bNanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826cDepartment of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Volcanic forcing of the Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE), more than 2 billion years ago, marks a major shift in Earth’s carbon cycle, following the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Its cause, however, remains unresolved. We dated black shales from Gabon to 2.194 billion ...

— Janne Blichert-ToftKurt KonhauserBaptiste CoutretMarine PintoArnaud AgranierAbderrazzak El AlbaniFrancis AlbarèdeaLaboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, FrancebDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, CanadacGeo-Ocean, UMR6538, University of Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Plouzané 29280, FrancedInstitut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285-IC2MP... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

An Archean atmosphere rich in sulfur biomolecules

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceSulfur biomolecules, such as the amino acids cysteine and methionine, are ubiquitous in all modern organisms. However, few prebiotic chemistry studies have demonstrated the abiotic production of organosulfur biomolecules. This fact coupled ...

— Nathan W. ReedCade M. ChristensenJason D. SurrattShawn Erin McGlynnBoswell A. WingCajetan NeubauerMargaret A. TolbertEleanor C. BrowneaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309bCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309cDepartment of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514dDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings Sch... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Barrierless nucleation in glassy precursors drives zeolite formation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe slow and complex formation of zeolites, microporous materials central to catalysis and separations, has puzzled researchers for decades. Here, we uncover that the slow formation of zeolites originates in slow dynamics of rearrangement of ...

— Debdas DhabalSuvo BanikAndressa A. BertolazzoHenry ChanSubramanian K. R. S SankaranarayananValeria MolineroaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112bDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607cCenter for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Lineage tracing of both quiescent G0 and active Hoxb5+ LT-HSCs that actively contribute to homeostatic mouse hematopoiesis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceProspectively isolated HSCs regenerate long-term hematopoiesis via transplantation in irradiated hosts. Hoxb5 is expressed only in LT-HSCs. In this study, LT-HSCs are the first cells labeled by Hoxb5 lineage tracing and actively participate in ...

— Jinyi XiangLaura AlmeidaJoe PasillasChristopher T. SunYijun WangElle KorenEric C. HansonAnnika BrakebillCharlene WangAndrew T. BurdenIrving L. WeissmanaInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bLudwig Cancer Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720dDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, ... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Mysterious illnesses have supernatural and ritualistic cures: Evidence from 3,655 century-old Irish folk cures

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceClassical anthropological and cognitive theories propose that supernatural healing practices emerge when ordinary causal reasoning fails, yet direct quantitative tests remain scarce. Using 3,655 “local cures,” collected as part of a national ...

— Mícheál de BarraÁngel V. JiménezNachita RosunAiyana K. WillardaCentre for Culture and Evolution, Department of Psychology, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United KingdombCentre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Control of renal calcium permeability via a tight junctional claudin switch

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceRegulation of calcium transport in the kidney is critical to maintain a systemic calcium balance in the human body. Claudin (CLDN) proteins are found in tight junctions between epithelial cells and form highly polymerized structures. In the ...

— Rozemarijn E. van der VeenMarie BieckNacéra MezouarVolker HauckeHenrik DimkeMartin LehmannaDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin 13125, GermanybFaculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, GermanycCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excelle... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

A theory of ecological invasions and its implications for eco-evolutionary dynamics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceHow do ecosystems respond when new species invade? This question is central to ecology yet difficult to answer because invaders can drive resident species to extinction. Using tools from statistical physics, we demonstrate that invasion ...

— Zhijie FengEmmy BlumenthalPankaj MehtaAkshit GoyalaDepartment of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215bJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544cFaculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215dInternational Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Endothelial cells sialylate IgG within the FcRn-mediated recycling pathway

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIgG sialylation is strongly associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases and chronic infections, but mechanisms underlying how IgG sialylation is regulated remain unknown. This study identifies a pathway to answer this epidemiological ...

— Leandre M. GlendenningMegan D. LongGracie C. CarlsonAustin D. SilvaSiyu WangKalob M. ReyneroEmily N. KukanSusan L. BellisWendy A. GoodmanBrian A. CobbaDepartment of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106bDepartment of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Precancer exercise capacity and metabolism during tumor development coordinate the skeletal muscle–tumor metabolic competition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIt is well established from both preclinical and clinical studies that exercise protects against tumor growth and progression. However, the biomarkers of this beneficial effect are not well delineated. Here, we demonstrate using stable isotope ...

— Brooks P. LeitnerAndin E. FosamWon D. LeeKaylee ZilingerSusana C. B. R. NakandakariXinyi ZhangRafael C. GasparWanling ZhuCurtis J. PerryJoshua D. RabinowitzRachel J. PerryaDepartment of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510cLewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 06540dDepartment of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 06540eLudwig Instit... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Tppp3 determines basal body positioning and identity of respiratory cilia via microtubule assembly and sphingolipid homeostasis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIn mammals, multiciliated cells (MCCs) harbor hundreds of motile cilia. In the tracheal MCCs, all the individual cilium beat along the oral–lung axis and generate unidirectional mucus flow. However, there are long-standing issues about the ...

— Takafumi SakaiMasahiro KawakitaArashi SekiKatsuyoshi TakaokaMisaki KurataJunpei TorikaiSohshiroh AtsumiKanji YawataKentaro NoiYosuke FukutaniKeiichi NoguchiHirofumi KiyokawaMitsuru MorimotoEri TakeuchiKatsura MinegishiYoshitsugu AokiShoko FujimuraTakayuki NishizakaTakanari InoueKentaro NagaokaHiroshi TsugawaHisayoshi HayashiHiroshi IshiguroTakuma KozonoIkuroh OhsawaYasunori FujitaHiroaki MatsunamiHiroshi HamadaKyosuke ShinoharaaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Genome of venomous caterpillar Doratifera vulnerans reveals recruitment of immune peptides and their adaptation as pain-inducing toxins

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe modes by which venom toxins evolve is debated, but sparse detailed genomic data are available for venomous animal groups other than snakes to inform this debate. The high-quality genome data reported in this study allows a precise ...

— Mohaddeseh H. GoudarziSamuel D. RobinsonFernanda C. CardosoKushal SuryamohanNicole LawrenceDavid A. EaglesHuy N. HoangIrina VetterDavid P. FairlieSomasekar SeshagiriGlenn F. KingAndrew A. WalkeraInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliabAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliacResearch and Development, MedGenome Inc., Foste... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

S-cone-specific circuitry in the outer plexiform layer of a cone-dominant mammal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceRetinal circuitry that detects and encodes blue light in the visual field holds importance for color perception, myopia, and mood disorders that depend upon light exposure. Few animal models are ideally situated for the study of human S-cone ...

— Yizhen ZhangShan ChenHaohua QianWei LiJohn M. BallaRetinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892bVisual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Warming from cold pools: A pathway for mesoscale organization to alter Earth’s radiation budget

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceShallow cumulus clouds play a central role in Earth’s energy balance, but remain a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. While climate models often assume these clouds are fully controlled by large-scale factors, observations ...

— Pouriya AlinaghiMartin JanssensFredrik JanssonaDepartment of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CN, The NetherlandsbDepartment of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Hot electron–driven tandem CO2 reduction and propane dehydrogenation over plasmonic black gold nanoreactors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceCatalytic CO2reduction coupled with propane dehydrogenation offers a circular route to utilize CO2while generating H2in situ, producing two valuable products: CO, a key feedstock for syngas and fuels, and propene, an essential polymer ...

— Gunjan SharmaCharvi SinghviGirish MishraAmitabha NandiGötz SchuckNico GrimmDirk WallacherAbhishek KumarPavan NukalaSukhendu NathSoumya GhoshVivek PolshettiwaraDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, Mumbai 400005, IndiabTata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, IndiacRadiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, IndiadHelmholtz-Zentrum Berl... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Erasable serum markers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceWe introduce a paradigm whereby incorporating an editable handle into a secreted serum marker, one can modify it on demand for improved detection. For example, cleaving a marker with an injection to accelerate its clearance from the blood can “...

— Shirin NouraeinHonghao LiSangsin LeeVidal A. SaenzEmma K. RaisleySho WatanabeVincent D. CostaJerzy O. SzablowskiaDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005bRice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005cSystems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005dDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30043eDivision of Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Re... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Nitric oxide promotes rapid development of motility to accelerate biofilm dispersal in Vibrio cholerae

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceBiofilm dispersal is a critical but poorly understood step in the lifecycle of bacterial pathogens. We identify nitric oxide (NO), a host immune signal, as a rapid and specific trigger for biofilm dispersal inVibrio cholerae. Unlike ...

— Nathaniel C. EstevesRan TaoQinqin PuArkaprabha BanerjeeArnold J. T. M. MathijssenJun ZhuaDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Competition between Der1 and ERAD-M substrates controls Hrd1 complex function

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThis study uncovers how the highly conserved Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase complex selectively degrades misfolded integral membrane proteins during endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Using deep mutational scanning, we identified key ...

— Jennifer E. RussBrian G. PetersonSophia TaylorRyan D. BaldridgeaDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bCellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Large role of anthropogenic climate change in driving smoke concentrations across the western United States from 1992 to 2020

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceWildfire activity has increased dramatically in the western United States over the last three decades, leading to a significant impact on air quality and human health. This study highlights the substantial role of anthropogenic climate change (...

— Xu FengLoretta J. MickleyJed O. KaplanMakoto KelpYang LiTianjia LiuaJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bDepartment of Earth, Energy, and Environment, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadacDepartment of Earth System Science, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305dDepartment of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798eDepartment of Geography, University of British Columb... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Interoception vs. Exteroception: Cardiac interoception competes with tactile perception, yet also facilitates self-relevance encoding

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceDo internal bodily signals distract us from the external world (Internal/External Competition account)? Or do internal signals contribute to conscious perception by situating the perceived external world relative to the organism (Self-related ...

— Marie LoescherPatrick HaggardCatherine Tallon-BaudryaLaboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U960, 75005 Paris, FrancebInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom 2025-12-02 08:00:00

A targeted combination therapy achieves effective pancreatic cancer regression and prevents tumor resistance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe development of RAS inhibitors represents a major advance in the treatment of KRAS-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). RAS(ON) inhibitors such as daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) have led to significant improvements in survival compared ...

— Vasiliki LiakiSara BarrambanaMyrto KostopoulouCarmen G. LechugaElena Zamorano-DominguezDomingo AcostaLucia Morales-CachoRuth ÁlvarezPian SunBlanca Rosas-PerezRebeca BarreroSilvia Jiménez-ParradoAlejandra López-GarcíaMarta San RomanJuan Carlos López-GilMatthias DrostenBruno SainzMonica MusteanuEduardo CaleirasNelson DusettiValeria PoliFrancisco Sánchez-BuenoCarmen GuerraMariano BarbacidaExperimental Oncology Group, Tumor Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, M... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Intercellular diffusion of cyclic nucleotides followed by gap junction closure restarts meiosis in mouse preovulatory follicles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceContinuous time-lapse imaging of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in mouse ovarian follicles elucidates how luteinizing hormone (LH) regulation of cyclic GMP and gap junctions in the somatic cells surrounding the oocyte transmits a signal that lowers ...

— Iris F. NakashimaHaining ZhongViacheslav O. NikolaevCorie M. OwenSiu-Pok YeeLaurinda A. JaffeJeremy R. EgbertaDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030bVollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239cInstitute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, GermanydCenter for Mouse Genome Modification, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Core microRNAs regulate neural crest delamination and condensation in the developing trigeminal ganglion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceNeural crest cells (NCCs) are a vertebrate innovation that give rise to craniofacial structures and peripheral neurons through dynamic epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions. While transcriptional ...

— Rocío B. MarquezEstefanía Sánchez VásquezAndrés M. AlonsoYanel E. BernardiEmilio M. SantillanPeter LwigaleLuisa CochellaMarianne E. BronnerPablo H. Strobl-MazzullaaLaboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús 7130, ArgentinabEscuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús 7130, ArgentinacLaboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, I... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Structure of human green cone opsin yields insights into mechanisms underlying the rapid decay of its active, signaling state

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceOur daylight vision uses cone opsins. Unfortunately, we know less about these light-sensitive GPCRs, in part because their active state is unstable and decays within seconds (~100× faster than rhodopsin). We studied wild-type human green cone ...

— Weekie YaoJonathan F. FayDavid L. FarrensaDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Glycoside hydrolase–mediated glucomannan catabolism in Segatella copri, a target of microbiota-directed foods for malnourished children

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificancePreclinical and clinical studies have identified candidate bioactive polysaccharides in a microbiota-directed food used to treat acutely malnourished Bangladeshi children during complementary feeding. Findings related to this microbiota-...

— Cyrus ZhouMatthew C. HibberdEvan M. LeeBo PilgaardMarlene VuilleminEmma KiehnSuzanne HenrissatMarie A. CraneJiye ChengLara PfaffAnne S. MeyerJesper HolckNicolas TerraponJuan J. CastilloGarret CoutureCarlito B. LebrillaDmitry A. RodionovMichael J. BarrattBernard HenrissatJeffrey I. GordonaThe Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110bThe Newman Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington Universi... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

The LFR-SWI/SNF complex: A chromatin wrench safeguarding cellular quiescence in the Arabidopsis root stem cell organizer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe quiescent center (QC) is a group of mitotically inactive stem cells that maintains root stem cell niches and preserves genomic integrity via precise control of cell division. Here, we show LFR, a SWI/SNF complex component, is indispensable ...

— Shuge WangJiayu LiMengmeng LiQiyan FangXiaolei ShiLong YanQiang ChenXiaoyun LiMuhammad Ans AslamHao ZhangXigang LiuWenqiang TangSujuan CuiHongtao ZhaoaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 0500... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

The human endogenous retroviral envelope HEMO protein interacts with BACE2: Novel partnership acquired in the primate lineage

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceSince its integration into mammalian genomes 100 Mya, theHEMO(Human Endogenous MER34 ORF) retroviral envelope gene has been conserved under selective pressure in all simian primates and some carnivores, remaining the only full-length ORF in ...

— Anthony BéguinMarianne ChasseriaudGuillaume HollaenderYves JacobGuillaume MousseauThierry HeidmannOdile HeidmannaUnité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, CNRS UMR 9196, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, FrancebUnité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, CNRS UMR 3569, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, FrancecCenter for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215dV... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

LUMINIDEPENDENS orchestrates global transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIn a genetic screen designed to identify regulators of the plant replication stress response, we identified the LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD) protein. By combining data obtained through genetic, transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches, we show that ...

— Clara Bergis-SerQingyi WangXiaoning HeMaherun NisaVickie KaiserChristelle MazubertJeannine Drouin-WahbiRim Brik-ChaoucheLayla ChmaissJelle Van LeeneGeert De JaegerJose Gutierrez-MarcosCatherine BergouniouxClara BourbousseDavid LatrasseMoussa BenhamedCécile RaynaudaUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, FrancebDepartment of Plant Biotechnology ... 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Control of encounter kinetics by chemically active droplets

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMembrane-less organelles known as biomolecular condensates help organize the contents of cells and are often thought to act as highly efficient nanoreactors—tiny compartments where biomolecules rapidly find one another to react. However, ...

— Jacques D. FriesRoxanne BerthinMarie JardatPierre IllienVincent DahirelaSorbonne Université, PHysicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, CNRS, PHENIX, Paris F-75005, France 2025-12-02 08:00:00

From toroids to helical tubules: Kirigami-inspired programmable assembly of two-periodic curved crystals from DNA origami

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe field of programmable self-assembly has made great strides toward synthesizing bespoke two- and three-dimensional crystals from nanoscale components, with wide ranging applications from plasmonics to structural biology. However, ...

— Mason PriceDaichi HayakawaThomas E. VidebækRupam SahaBotond TyukodiSeth FradenMichael F. HaganGregory M. GrasonW. Benjamin RogersaMartin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453bDepartment of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400084, RomaniacCentre International de Formation et de Recherche Avancées en Physique, Bucharest-Mãgurele 077125, RomaniadDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Neurofluid circulation changes during a focused attention style of mindfulness meditation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMindfulness meditation is widely recognized for its self-reported mental and physical health benefits, yet its effects on core physiological systems that support brain health remain incompletely understood. This study provides evidence that a ...

— Bryce A. KeatingDavid VagoKilian HettCiaran ConsidineMaria GarzaCaleb HanColin McKnightDaniel O. ClaassenManus J. DonahueaDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212bThe Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience Searle Undergraduate Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235cDepartment of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212dDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Mass Gener... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Guiding esophagectomy with intraoperative NIR-II fluorescence video imaging and rapid computation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceEsophagectomy is a complex surgical procedure involving the resection of a diseased or cancerous portion of the esophagus. Anastomotic leakage, a gastrointestinal defect involving the suture line between the esophagus and the gastric conduit (...

— Feifei WangIan Yu Hong WongHaoran LiuZhisheng WuClaudia Lai Yin WongDanyang XuDesmond Kwan Kit ChanBetty Tsz Ting LawFion Siu Yin ChanLiangqiong QuSimon Ying Kit LawHongjie DaiaMaterials Innovation Institute for Life Sciences and Energy, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518048, ChinabDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, ChinacDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

RAD51AP1 is a versatile RAD51 modulator

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceRAD51AP1 is an emergent key factor in homologous recombination (HR), the major pathway for accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Depletion of RAD51AP1 diminishes HR and overexpression ...

— Lucas KuhlenBilge ArgunhanPengtao LiangJanet ZhongLaura MasinoXiaodong ZhangaSection of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdombDNA Processing Machines Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United KingdomcStructural Biology Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Deciphering precursor cell dynamics in esophageal preneoplasia via genetic barcoding and single-cell transcriptomics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificancePreneoplastic cells often appear histologically normal yet carry early genetic and transcriptional changes, leading to malignant transformation. In this study, we combine genetic barcoding with single-cell transcriptomics to uncover the ...

— Jinho JangKyung-Pil KoJie ZhangSohee JunJae-Il ParkaDepartment of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030bProgram in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Reconstructing Waddington’s landscape from data

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceModern single-cell technologies produce vast datasets tracking how cells change during development, but we lack theoretical frameworks that can turn this complexity into predictive, testable models. Landscape models offer a geometric view of ...

— Dillon J. CisloM. Joaquina DelásJames BriscoeEric D. SiggiaaCenter for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065bThe Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United KingdomcLaboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom 2025-12-03 08:00:00

TGFBR2 coordinates the endometrial response to estrogen, regulating endometrial hyperplasia and fertility

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMillions of reproductive-age women in the United States suffer from infertility or endometrial hyperplasia, and every year tens of thousands of US women are diagnosed with endometrial cancer—the most common gynecological malignancy. ...

— Sydney E. ParksSuni TangAnna Catherine UnserAnanya L. BhonsleyEunbi M. ChungPeixin JiangAudrey SavolainenVanessa J. JosephDominique I. CopeRamya P. MasandRenata Prunskaite-HyyryläinenDiana MonsivaisaDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030bCenter for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030cFaculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, FinlanddDan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor Co... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Structural insights into the role of eIF3 in translation mediated by the HCV IRES

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceVarious RNA viruses utilize RNA elements called internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) to hijack host ribosomes. The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES binds to eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), the multisubunit complex that acts as a versatile ...

— Wakana IwasakiKazuhiro KashiwagiAyako SakamotoMadoka NishimotoMari TakahashiKodai MachidaHiroaki ImatakaAkinobu MatsumotoYuichi ShichinoShintaro IwasakiKoshi ImamiTakuhiro ItoaLaboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, JapanbDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2201, JapancDivision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya ... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is required for T cell activation and antitumor immunity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe most frequent human enzyme deficiency involves glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the committed enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Mild G6PD deficiency protects against malaria at the expense of fragile red blood ...

— Zihong ChenKellen L. OlszewskiRolf-Peter RyseckXincheng XuJacob A. BoyerChristian G. PeaceYihui ShenCaroline R. BartmanLydia LynchJoshua D. RabinowitzaDepartment of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544cLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544dDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104eDepartmen... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Restoring institutional confidence in backsliding democracies: Evidence from Mexico

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe rise of democratic backsliders, leaders and ministers who win elections fairly but then undermine democratic institutions, is a major challenge to 21st-century democracies. Backsliding leaders criticize coequal branches of government and ...

— Brett BessenSusan StokesAndres UribeaDepartment of Political Science and International Relations, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Nuevo Leon, MexicobDepartment of Political Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637cDepartment of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Machine learning enables de novo multiepitope design of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein to target trimeric L9 antibody

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIn this study, we present a machine learning–driven, structure-guided protein design pipeline built specifically for the design of multiepitope vaccine antigens. We employ the pipeline here to design and solve the cryo-EM structure of a de ...

— J. Andrew D. NelsonSamuel E. GarfinkleZi Jie LinJoyce ParkAmber J. KimKelly BayrunsMadison E. McCannaKylie M. KonrathColby J. AgostinoDaniel W. KulpAudrey R. Odom JohnJesper PallesenaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bBiomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cVaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104dDivision of Infectious... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Conscious awareness, sensory integration, and evidence accumulation in bodily self-perception

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceHow is conscious awareness related to our sense of bodily self? Researchers have long believed that many sensory signals from one’s body are processed without reaching conscious awareness, with studies on consciousness mainly focusing on how ...

— Renzo C. LanfrancoSucharit KatyalAugust HägerdalXiaole LuanVictoria NosH. Henrik EhrssonaDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, SwedenbDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, SwedencMax Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, United KingdomdDepartment of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, DenmarkeFaculty of Life Sciences, Reutlingen U... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Cryogenic light microscopy of vitrified samples with angstrom precision

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceDespite the recent advances in structural biology, studies of proteins in their native environment face many challenges because cellular constituents generate a large background. As a result, molecules of interest are usually isolated or ...

— Hisham MazalFranz-Ferdinand WieserDaniel BollschweilerVahid SandoghdaraMax Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, GermanybMax-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen 91058, GermanycDepartment of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, GermanydMax Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg 82152, Germany 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Torque-generating units of the bacterial flagellar motor are rotary motors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceBacteria swim by rotating rigid helical flagellar filaments. Here, we find that the torque-generating unit that drives flagellar rotation is itself a rotary motor. Each torque-generating unit is a heteromeric macromolecular machine—a pentamer ...

— Basarab G. HosuAlina M. VrabioiuAravinthan D. T. SamuelaDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Carbonate burial regimes, the Meso-Cenozoic climate, and nannoplankton expansion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceShallow-water carbonate platforms, home to ecosystems like coral reefs, play a crucial but underappreciated role in modulating Earth’s carbon cycle. By integrating plate tectonic, climate, and ecological models, we reconstruct global patterns ...

— Tristan SallesLaurent HussonThran Trung NguyenAna Vila-ConcejoJonathon LeonardAna Paula Da SilvaJody M. WebsterFabienne GiraudaSchool of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliabUniversité Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble 38000, FrancecGeocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is a clinically important pathogen. However, progress in developing antivirals and vaccines has been hampered by the lack of a robust reverse genetics system, a technique used to engineer recombinant viruses, for HuNoV. ...

— Tomohiro KotakiYuki AkiedaZelin ChenMegumi OnishiSayuri KomatsuDaisuke MotookaHiroko OmoriShigeyuki TamiyaYuta KanaiShohei MinamiTakahiro KawagishiNaomi SakonShintaro SatoTohru IshitaniTakeshi KobayashiaDepartment of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, JapanbDepartment of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, JapancNext Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Research I... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Deciphering guanidine assimilation and riboswitch-based gene regulation in cyanobacteria for synthetic biology applications

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceCyanobacteria are vital to various ecosystems and are major contributors to biogeochemical cycles. Moreover, their use as CO2-neutral biocatalysts for sustainable chemical and fuel production has gained interest. Understanding their metabolism ...

— M. Amadeus ItzenhäuserAndreas M. EnkerlinJan A. DewaldBihter AvşarRon StauderHannes HalpickRosalie SchaaleLisa M. BaumannNoelia Fernandez MerayoThomas MaskowKhaled A. SelimChristina E. WeinbergStephan KlähnaDepartment of Solar Materials Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, GermanybMicrobial Biochemistry Group, Institute of Phototrophic Microbiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, G... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

LHPP expression in triple-negative breast cancer promotes tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options. This study identifies a distinct role for the phosphohistidine phosphatase LHPP, known as a tumor suppressor in other cancers, as a promoter of TNBC ...

— Jeffrey ReinaQueralt Vallmajo-MartinJia NingAubrey N. MichiKay YeungGeoffrey M. WahlTony HunteraMolecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037bGene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037cMoores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093dDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Widespread promiscuous alkaline phosphatases underscore ancient microbial phosphite utilization

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificancePhosphite (Pt) is a stable, soluble, and widely distributed compound that can serve as a phosphorus source for microorganisms in both ancient and modern environments. However, enzymes responsible for Pt oxidation remain poorly characterized, ...

— Morito SakumaNaoki KonnoSevan GholipourJohn Z. ChenNobuhiko TokurikiaMichael Smith Laboratories, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadabDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, JapancDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, JapandResearch School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Origin and adaptive evolutionary trajectory of the 3′ UTR–derived sRNA UhpU in Enterobacteriaceae

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceSmall RNAs (sRNAs) derived from the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of bacterial messenger RNAs (mRNAs) represent a secondary functional output of transcripts, yet their evolutionary origins and adaptive roles remain underexplored. This study ...

— Xiaomin ChenCheng BeiJialei LiangYaomei YangYuanyuan RuanQian GaoChuan WangaKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education / National Health Commission / Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200033, ChinabKey Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research (National Health Commission), Department of Biochemistry and M... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Structural modeling reveals the allosteric switch controlling the chitin utilization program of Vibrio cholerae

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceAll living things use protein receptors to sense and respond to environmental changes via a process termed signal transduction. However, how these proteins sense environmental stimuli remains poorly understood in many cases. In this study, we ...

— Holly S. AndersonAnkur B. DaliaaDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 2025-12-04 08:00:00

A ferritin-like diiron oxygenase BioE initiates bacterial biotin synthesis, a promising antivirulence target

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceBiotin is an essential enzyme cofactor, and inhibitors of its biosynthesis could provide alternative antibiotics. We show that bacteria from the Weeksellaceae family access the universal biotin precursor, pimelic acid, by a distinct pathway ...

— Yongchang XuMeng ZhangYingying FuXiaoqiang YangMan HuangQiuying QinYanhua KangXinyu SuJiaming FangJ. Martin BollingerZhi RuanYoujun FengaZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, ChinabKey Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Ministry of Education), Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang ... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4 signaling induces the tumor-infiltrating Treg phenotype for tumor growth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute to immune evasion. These tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) are highly suppressive and express a unique set of genes, which are conserved across ...

— Ryuma MatsuuraSiwakorn PunyawatthananukoolRyoji KawakamiNorihisa MikamiShimon SakaguchiShuh NarumiyaaDepartment of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanbDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapancDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapandAMED-FORCE, Japan Agency for Medical Research... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Asparagine endopeptidase prompts breast cancer–related pericardial calcification by regulating IGF2 and integrin αvβ5

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificancePericardial calcification (PC) is frequently observed in breast cancer patients with distant metastasis, especially to the lungs, yet it has largely been overlooked in clinical practice. Our study reveals a significantly positive correlation ...

— Xuefeng WangJian SunBin LanChunyu WangJiayi MaQiaoting HuJun LiuHaili ChengHong WenJieyu LinXinyi RenHuabin YuMenghui JiangFangfang ChenJiayin YeJingjie ZhaiHaokun LanKai OuyangZihao JingLibo LvYing ChenWeibin ZhuoJing LinYu ChenJinsong LuYufang ShiYing WangaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, ChinabThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Tran... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

The prion-like characteristic of ORF3 contributes to virion release and pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificancePrions and prion-like proteins can form self-propagating protein aggregates which has been identified in animals, plants, and diverse microorganisms. Here, we demonstrate HEV-ORF3 forms self-propagating aggregates similar to prions, which is ...

— Yajing WangHoulu TianNa ShiChunyan WuYaowei HuangYongling YangQiang DingXu ZhengQin ZhaoZhaonong HuJiaojiao LuoLele FengLingdong XuMick F. TuiteHongying ChenYuchen NanaDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinabDepartment of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, ChinacGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sou... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

An IMPDH2 variant associated with neurodevelopmental disorder disrupts purine biosynthesis and somite organization

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceIMPDH2 is a critical enzyme for de novo purine biosynthesis, regulating the balance between adenine and guanine nucleotides. Under purine stress, it forms filaments that resist feedback inhibition by GTP. Patients with gain-of-function ...

— Audrey G. O’NeillMorgan E. McCartneyGavin M. WheelerJeet H. PatelGardenia Sanchez-RamirezJustin M. KollmanAndrea E. WillsaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Absence of higher than sixfold coordination in glassy GeO2 up to 158 GPa revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe compression behavior of amorphous binary oxides, including GeO2and SiO2, remains highly controversial, hindering any direct comparison of pressure-induced polyamorphic transitions in glasses and their crystalline counterparts, as well as ...

— João Elias F. S. RodriguesAngelika D. RosaEmin MijitTetsuo IrifuneGaston GarbarinoOlivier MathonRaffaella TorchioMax WilkeaEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38000, FrancebExperimental Earth Science, Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Johoku, Matsuyama 790–0826, Ehime, JapancMineralogy, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Versatile NTP recognition and domain fusions expand the functional repertoire of the ParB-CTPase fold beyond chromosome segregation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceMolecular switches that bind and hydrolyze nucleotides regulate numerous fundamental biological processes. To date, cytidine triphosphate (CTP)-dependent switching has been described for ParB, a bacterial chromosome segregation protein, ...

— Jovana KaljevićKirill V. SukhoverkovKatie E. JohnsonAntoine HocherTung B. K. LeaDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United KingdombDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Data-driven enhanced sampling of mechanistic pathways

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceUnderstanding the atomistic mechanisms of molecular processes is crucial for the rational design of materials and therapeutic drugs. We can gain insights into these mechanisms by tracing the minimum free energy pathway through the molecular ...

— Revanth ElangovanSompriya ChatterjeeDhiman RayaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403bMaterial Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Instantaneous response and quantum geometry of insulators

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe Quantum Geometric Tensor (QGT) encodes the geometry of Bloch electrons through their coupling to the dipole operator. By extending the QGT to the time domain, we obtain a single gauge-invariant object that fully captures the response of ...

— Nishchhal VermaRaquel QueirozaDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027bCenter for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Distinct transcription factor interactions drive HOXB13 activity in different stages of prostate cancer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceHOXB13 is a lineage-specific transcription factor essential for prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation in both androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-negative tumors, with minimal effects on nonprostatic tissues. In AR-negative, stem-like PCa, ...

— Betul Ersoy-FazliogluShreyas LingadahalliUmut Berkay AltintasAhmet CingozEmirhan TekogluIvan Pak Lok YuMeric DikbasOlka MissaghimamaghaniKerim YavuzHans AdomatIbrahim KulacTunc MorovaKevin XiaoMartin GleaveLadan FazliPaloma CejasArtem CherkasovWilbert ZwartMichael Christoph HaffnerHenry W. LongColin CollinsTugba Bagci-OnderNathan A. LackaKoç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34450, TürkiyebDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Koç University,... 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Measuring the Young’s modulus of individual lithium whiskers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe mechanical properties of electrochemically deposited Li whiskers critically determine the failure mechanisms of Li metal batteries, yet they remain elusive at the single-whisker level. Here, the Young’s modulus of individual SEI-covered Li ...

— Wenbo ZhaiHongsheng ShiWei LiuYi YuaSchool of Physical Science and Technology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China 2025-12-04 08:00:00

Invisible water in subducted crust: Lawsonite velocity anomalies under mantle conditions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceSeismic studies have long used velocity anomalies to identify water-rich subducted slabs entering Earth’s mantle. However, our direct measurements demonstrate that lawsonite—a key mineral carrying water in subducted crust—exhibits unexpected ...

— Sibo ChenSiheng WangXintong QiMan XuTony YuYanbin WangBaosheng LiaDepartment of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794bSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287cMineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794dCenter for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 2025-12-05 08:00:00

Ace2 safeguards embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production by restraining Nlrp3-mediated pyroptosis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during embryogenesis is a finely tuned process reliant on a delicate balance of inflammatory cues. While prior studies have identified proinflammatory pathways essential for HSPC ...

— Jun XiaLingxue ShenYining LiuLu WangFeng LiuaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinacState Key Labora... 2025-12-05 08:00:00

Local equations describe unreasonably efficient stochastic algorithms in random K-SAT

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceThe difficulties of algorithmic dynamics in highly nonconvex landscapes are central in several research areas, from hard combinatorial optimization to machine learning. However, it is unclear why and how some particular algorithms find ...

— David MachadoJonathan González-GarcíaRoberto MuletaGroup of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Havana, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana 10400, CubabPhysics Department, Sapienza University, Piazzale A. Moro, Rome I-00185, ItalycInstitute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Rome Unit, I-00185, Rome, Italy 2025-12-05 08:00:00

Systematic analysis of noncanonical ribosomal protein paralogs does not provide evidence for specialized functions in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
SignificanceRibosomes produce all proteins and as such are essential. Mounting evidence indicates that ribosomes can differ in composition between tissues by incorporating ribosomal protein (RP) paralogs encoded by duplicated genes. This led to the “...

— Katarina Z. A. GrobickiDaniel GebertCarol SunFelipe Karam TeixeiraaDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United KingdombDepartment of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom 2025-12-02 08:00:00

Competition–colonization trade-off can explain any observed abundances and assumed competitive hierarchies

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
The competition–colonization trade-off is a possible explanation for coexistence of species in a metacommunity context that has been intensively studied for decades. Nonetheless, questions about the ubiquity and generality of the mechanism remain. The ...

— Alan HastingsKevin McCannGabriel GellneraDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616bSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501cDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada 2025-12-05 08:00:00

Subsistence fishing patterns near food deserts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.
Fisheries are critical for sustaining waterfront communities. However, subsistence fishing is not well understood in the United States, despite its potential contributions to health and culture. We piloted a multivariable construct to classify subsistence ...

— Savannah H. SwineaHailey SmithJonathan H. GrabowskiSean P. PowersSara WylieSteven B. ScyphersaDepartment of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908bStokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688cDauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528dDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology and Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02120eDepartment of Sociolog... 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Regulation of eukaryotic-like cell cycle progression in archaea is coming into focus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Miguel V. Gomez-Raya-VilanovaMart KrupovicaInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Cell Biology and Virology of Archaea Unit, Paris 75015, France 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Something from nothing: The birth of new phage defense genes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Kevin J. ForsbergaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Forests weather soil cations and lose them to streams

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Robert O. HallaDivision of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Some parasites like it hot, some don’t

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Jukka JokelaaDepartment of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, SwitzerlandbDepartment of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland 2025-12-01 08:00:00

What does drive temporal variation in population size in mammalian species?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Jean-Michel GaillardNigel Gilles YoccozaCNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, FrancebDepartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway 2025-12-01 08:00:00

Reviewers are better equipped to detect fraud than editors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Rémi NeveuAndré NeveuaGroupe d’Analyse et de Théorie Economique, Lyon 69007, FrancebCNRS, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Montpellier 34095, France 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Numerical calculation finds the revised elastic field of an edge dislocation to be incorrect

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Dallas R. TrinkleaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 2025-12-03 08:00:00

Correction for Ucla et al., Quantifying cell traction forces at the single-fiber scale in 3D: An approach based on deformable photopolymerized fiber arrays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

2025-12-05 08:00:00

Correction for Yuan et al., Oil–water interfaces drive gold precipitation via microdroplet chemistry in thermal geological systems

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

2025-12-03 08:00:00

Correction for Greenberg et al., Sex and age differences in “theory of mind” across 57 countries using the English version of the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

2025-12-03 08:00:00

Correction for Sachdev et al., Reversal of C9orf72 mutation-induced transcriptional dysregulation and pathology in cultured human neurons by allele-specific excision

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

2025-12-03 08:00:00

Reply to Neveu and Neveu: Inference in an information-restricted environment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Reese A. K. RichardsonSpencer S. HongJennifer A. ByrneThomas StoegerLuis A. Nunes AmaralaDepartment of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208bDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208cSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliadNew South Wales Health Statewide Biobank, New South Wales Health Pathology, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaeT... 2025-12-03 08:00:00

QnAs with Kathleen Hall Jamieson

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 49, December 2025.

— Matthew Hardcastle 2025-11-26 08:00:00