|
|
Line 99: |
Line 99: |
| [[Aston 1922/Chapter 11]] | | [[Aston 1922/Chapter 11]] |
|
| |
|
| ==APPENDIX I== | | ==APPENDICES== |
| [[Aston 1922/Appendices]] | | [[Aston 1922/Appendices]] |
|
| |
| ==APPENDIX II==
| |
|
| |
| The Periodic Table of the Elements. The atomic numbers ar=
| |
| e given in
| |
| bold type, the atomic weights in italics and the isotopes, where =
| |
| known, in
| |
| ordinary numerals. The roman ntmierals indicate the chemical groups and
| |
| the most important associated valencies are given below them. Elem=
| |
| ents
| |
| are placed to the left or to the right of the columns according=
| |
| to their chemical
| |
| properties, those in the same vertical line as each other have s=
| |
| trong chemical
| |
| similarities. The Rare Earth group is surrounded by a thick line.=
| |
| Elements
| |
| 59-72 have no properties pronounced enough to give them definite =
| |
| places
| |
| in the table. The properties of the missing elements can be p=
| |
| redicted with
| |
|
| |
| PERIODIC TABLE OF
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| IH
| |
|
| |
| 1-008
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Valency
| |
|
| |
| 0
| |
|
| |
| I
| |
|
| |
| + 1
| |
|
| |
| II
| |
|
| |
| + 2
| |
|
| |
| III
| |
|
| |
| + 3
| |
|
| |
| IV
| |
|
| |
| + 4
| |
|
| |
| 2 He
| |
|
| |
| 4-00
| |
| 4
| |
|
| |
| 3 Li
| |
|
| |
| 6-94
| |
| 6, 7
| |
|
| |
| 4 Be
| |
|
| |
| 9-1
| |
|
| |
| 9
| |
|
| |
| 5B
| |
| 10-9
| |
| 10, 11
| |
|
| |
| 60
| |
|
| |
| 12-00
| |
| 12
| |
|
| |
| 10 Ne
| |
|
| |
| 20-2
| |
| 20, 22
| |
|
| |
| 11 Na
| |
|
| |
| 23-00
| |
| 23
| |
|
| |
| 12 Mg
| |
|
| |
| 24-32
| |
|
| |
| 24, 25, 26
| |
|
| |
| 13 AI
| |
|
| |
| 26-96
| |
|
| |
| 14 Si
| |
| 28-3
| |
| 28,29
| |
|
| |
| 18 A
| |
|
| |
| 39-9
| |
| 36, 40
| |
|
| |
| 19 K
| |
|
| |
| 39-1
| |
| 39, 41
| |
|
| |
| 29 Cu
| |
|
| |
| 63-57
| |
|
| |
| 20 Ca
| |
|
| |
| 40-07
| |
|
| |
| 30 Zn
| |
|
| |
| 65-37
| |
|
| |
| 21 Sc
| |
| 45-1
| |
|
| |
| 31 G
| |
|
| |
| 70-1
| |
|
| |
| 22 Ti
| |
| 48-1
| |
|
| |
| 32 Ge
| |
|
| |
| 72-5
| |
|
| |
| 36 Kr
| |
|
| |
| 82-92
| |
|
| |
| 78, 80, 82, 83,
| |
| 84, 86
| |
|
| |
| 37 Rb
| |
|
| |
| 85-45
| |
|
| |
| 85, 87
| |
|
| |
| 47 Ag
| |
| 107-88
| |
|
| |
| 38 Sr
| |
|
| |
| 87-83
| |
|
| |
| 48 Cd
| |
| 112-40
| |
|
| |
| 39 Y
| |
|
| |
| 89-33
| |
|
| |
| 49 In
| |
|
| |
| 114-8
| |
|
| |
| 40 Zr
| |
|
| |
| 90-6
| |
|
| |
| 50 Sn
| |
|
| |
| 118-7
| |
|
| |
| 54 Xe
| |
|
| |
| 130-2
| |
|
| |
| 129, 131, 132,
| |
| 134, 136
| |
|
| |
| 55 Cs
| |
|
| |
| 132-81
| |
|
| |
| 133
| |
|
| |
| 56 Ba
| |
|
| |
| 137-37
| |
|
| |
| 57 La 58 Ce
| |
| 139-0 140-25
| |
|
| |
| 59 Pr eONd 61 62 Sm 63 Eu =
| |
| 64 Gd 65 Tb
| |
| 140-6 144-3 150-4 152-0 =
| |
| 157-3 159-2
| |
|
| |
| 66 Ds 67 Ho 68 Ev 69 Tu 70 Yb 7=
| |
| 1 Lu 72 (Kt)
| |
| 162-5 163-5 1677 168-5 173-5 =
| |
| 175
| |
|
| |
| 79 Au
| |
|
| |
| 197-2
| |
|
| |
| 80 Hg
| |
|
| |
| 200-6
| |
| 197-204
| |
|
| |
| 81 Tl
| |
|
| |
| 204-0
| |
|
| |
| 82 Pb
| |
|
| |
| 207-2
| |
|
| |
| 86 Em
| |
|
| |
| 222-0
| |
|
| |
| 87-
| |
|
| |
| 88 Ra
| |
|
| |
| 226-0
| |
|
| |
| 89 Ac
| |
|
| |
| 90 Th
| |
|
| |
| 232-15
| |
|
| |
| 144
| |
|
| |
| considerable certainty from the positions of their atomic numbers. From
| |
| the point of view of the construction of the atom the inert gas=
| |
| es should mark
| |
| the end of the periods as they are shown to do ua the hst of =
| |
| atomic weights
| |
| in Appendix I, on the other hand it is more usual in chemistry =
| |
| to start with
| |
| valency 0. From principles of general convenience of arrangement t=
| |
| he
| |
| latter plan is adopted in this table, which is intended to give =
| |
| the maximum
| |
| amount of chemical information. Hydrogen, which belongs equally wel=
| |
| l
| |
| to group I or group VII, is best omitted from the. table altoget=
| |
| her.
| |
|
| |
| THE ELEMENTS
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| V
| |
|
| |
| VI
| |
|
| |
| VII
| |
|
| |
| VIII
| |
|
| |
| 3
| |
|
| |
| 2
| |
|
| |
| -
| |
|
| |
| -1
| |
|
| |
| 7N
| |
|
| |
| 80
| |
|
| |
| 9F
| |
|
| |
| 14-01
| |
|
| |
| 16-00
| |
|
| |
| 1900
| |
|
| |
| 14
| |
|
| |
| 16
| |
|
| |
| 19
| |
|
| |
| 15 P
| |
|
| |
| 16 S
| |
|
| |
| 17 CI
| |
|
| |
| 31-04
| |
|
| |
| 32-06
| |
|
| |
| 35-46
| |
|
| |
| 31
| |
|
| |
| 32
| |
|
| |
| 35, 37
| |
|
| |
| 23 V
| |
|
| |
| 24 Cr
| |
|
| |
| 25 Mn
| |
|
| |
| 26 Fe
| |
|
| |
| 27 Co
| |
|
| |
| 28 Ni
| |
|
| |
| Sl-O
| |
|
| |
| 33 As
| |
|
| |
| 74-96
| |
| 75
| |
|
| |
| 52-0
| |
|
| |
| 34 Se
| |
|
| |
| 79-2
| |
|
| |
| 54-93
| |
|
| |
| 35 Br
| |
|
| |
| 79-92
| |
| 79, 81
| |
|
| |
| 55-85
| |
|
| |
| 58-97
| |
|
| |
| 58-68
| |
| 58.60
| |
|
| |
| 41 Nb
| |
|
| |
| 42 Mo
| |
|
| |
| 43
| |
|
| |
| 44 Ru
| |
|
| |
| 45 Rh
| |
|
| |
| 46 Pd
| |
|
| |
| 93-5
| |
|
| |
| 51 Sb
| |
| 120-2
| |
|
| |
| 96-0
| |
|
| |
| 52 Te
| |
| 127-5
| |
|
| |
| 531
| |
|
| |
| 126-92
| |
| 127
| |
|
| |
| 101-7
| |
|
| |
| 102-9
| |
|
| |
| 106-7
| |
|
| |
| 73 Ta
| |
|
| |
| 74 W
| |
|
| |
| 7&-
| |
|
| |
| 76 0a
| |
|
| |
| 77 Ir
| |
|
| |
| 78 Pt
| |
|
| |
| 181-5
| |
|
| |
| 83 Bi
| |
|
| |
| 209-0
| |
|
| |
| 184-0
| |
|
| |
| 84 Po
| |
|
| |
| 85
| |
|
| |
| 190-9
| |
|
| |
| 1931
| |
|
| |
| 195-2
| |
|
| |
| 91 UX
| |
|
| |
| ii
| |
|
| |
| 92 U
| |
|
| |
| 238-2
| |
|
| |
| 145
| |
|
| |
| Recent results obtained by Dempster. Thanks to a private=
| |
|
| |
| communication the writer is able to include some further results=
| |
|
| |
| obtained by Dempster and a diagram of his apparatus for obtaining=
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Fig. 19. Diagram of Anode in Dempster's latest apparatus.=
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| positive rays from metals. A full account is to appear in the
| |
| Physical Review. Fig. 19 shows the new arrangement of
| |
| vaporising furnace A and ionising filament C. The analysing
| |
| apparatus has already been described on p, 31 and the results wi=
| |
| th
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| .4F
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 5-9
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| f
| |
|
| |
| '
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| k
| |
|
| |
| Lithium.
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| )
| |
|
| |
| J
| |
|
| |
| [
| |
|
| |
| <=3D/
| |
|
| |
| v..
| |
|
| |
| ^^
| |
|
| |
| /
| |
|
| |
| K
| |
|
| |
| 9
| |
|
| |
| 30
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ZO
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 10
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 60
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 6-1
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 6-9
| |
|
| |
| Atomic Weight.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 7-0
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 7-1
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Fig. 20. Curve for Lithium.
| |
| 146
| |
|
| |
| ==APPENDIX III==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 147
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| magnesium on p. 81. Fig. 20 shows one of the curves obtained
| |
| with lithium. It will be seen that the relative intensities of t=
| |
| he
| |
| isotopes is entirely different from that found by the writer (p. =
| |
| 86)
| |
| and also disagrees very definitely with the chemical atomic weight=
| |
| .
| |
| Dempster describes these relative intensities as varying very
| |
| considerably. This is a most remarkable phenomenon and further
| |
| information upon it is very desirable. There seems just a possibi=
| |
| lity
| |
| that the 6 line is enhanced by doubly charged carbon but it is =
| |
| not
| |
| easy to see where such particles could be produced.
| |
|
| |
| l/oltS 943 928 913-5 899-5 886 873 860 847-5=
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| J
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| Zinc.
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| t
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| f
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| r
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| \i
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| /
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| I
| |
|
| |
| /
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| =C2=AE
| |
|
| |
| l/
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| 1
| |
|
| |
| i^
| |
|
| |
| \
| |
|
| |
| ^^
| |
|
| |
| 62 63 64 65 66 67
| |
| Atomic Weight.
| |
|
| |
| Fig. 21. Curve for Zinc.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 68 69
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 70
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Fig. 21 gives a remarkable curve obtained from zinc. This
| |
| indicates three strong isotopes and a faint fourth. The absolute=
| |
|
| |
| scale of atomic weight is not known with certainty, and the valu=
| |
| es
| |
| 63, 65, 67, 69 are given by Dempster as those in best agreement=
| |
|
| |
| with the atomic weight 65-37. Considering that the error in th=
| |
| e
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 148 APPENDIX III
| |
|
| |
| mean atomic weight of lithium, when calculated on these lines,
| |
| is about 5 per cent, it would appear possible that these might =
| |
| be a
| |
| unit too high or too low. The probability of this is strengthene=
| |
| d
| |
| very much by the rule given on p. 110 connecting even atomic
| |
| number with even atomic weight.
| |
|
| |
| Results with calcium show only one line. This makes it extremely=
| |
|
| |
| probable that this is a simple element of atomic weight 40 and=
| |
|
| |
| therefore an isobare of argon. ^
| |
|
| |
| Note. In a still later communication Dempster states that =
| |
| he
| |
| has been successful in using an anode of calcium to which a sma=
| |
| U
| |
| quantity of zinc had been added. By this means he is able to
| |
| compare the masses of the zinc isotopes with the strong calcium=
| |
|
| |
| maximum, assumed as 40. This gives the atomic weights as 64,
| |
| 66, 68 and 70. The intensities are quite different to those in =
| |
| the
| |
| curve given above for zinc. 64 is now the strongest, 66 and 68=
| |
|
| |
| fainter, while 70 is very faint indeed. No explanation is yet
| |
| advanced for these remarkable irregularities in relative intensity.=
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| He has also observed a small maximum at 44 invariably accom-
| |
| panying the strong calcium maximum 40. This he considers to be
| |
| probably due to an isotope of that element present in smaU quant=
| |
| ity
| |
| as suggested by the atomic weight 40 07.
| |
|
| |
| The above values are included provisionally in the tables on
| |
| pages 89 and 142.
| |
|
| |
| " V. p. 88.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| ==INDEX==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Abnormal hydrides, 98
| |
|
| |
| Abundance of the elements, 111
| |
|
| |
| Accuracy of mass-spectrograph, 60
| |
|
| |
| Actinivim chain, 14, 15
| |
|
| |
| Additive law of mass, 99
| |
|
| |
| Alkali metals, mass-spectra of, 83
| |
|
| |
| Alpha ray changes, 13
| |
|
| |
| Analysis of the elements, 63
| |
|
| |
| Andrade and Rutherford, 11
| |
|
| |
| Anode, composite, 80, 86
| |
| hot, 80, 83, 84
| |
|
| |
| Anticathode, silica, 48
| |
|
| |
| Antimony, 78
| |
|
| |
| Argon, 66
| |
|
| |
| Aronbeeg, 123
| |
|
| |
| ,, and Harkins, 124
| |
|
| |
| Atmolysis, separation by, 127
| |
|
| |
| Atomic number, 13, 93
| |
| theory, 2
| |
| ,, volume of isotopes, 18
| |
| weights, tables of, 89, 141
| |
| weights of radio -elements, 13,
| |
| 141
| |
|
| |
| Atoms, structure of, 90
| |
|
| |
| Balke, Owens and Kremers, 142
| |
| Barkla, 93
| |
|
| |
| Batuecas and Moles, 141
| |
| Baxter and Hodges, 142
| |
| and Parsons, 113
| |
| and Starkweather, 141
| |
| and Wilson, 142
| |
| Tani and Chapin, 142
| |
| Weatherell and Holmes,
| |
| 73, 142
| |
| Beryllium, 88
| |
| Beta ray change, 13
| |
| Bohr, 94, 95, 121, 122, 123
| |
|
| |
| ,, atom, 95
| |
| BOLTWOOD, 1, 7
| |
| Boron, 72
| |
|
| |
| anomalous atomic weight of,
| |
|
| |
| 114
| |
| trifluoride, 73
| |
| Bracketing, method of, 59, 69
| |
| Brauner and Krepelka, 141
| |
| Broek, Van den, 93, 94, 116
| |
| Bromine, 76
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Bronsted and Hevesy, 135, 136, 139
| |
|
| |
| Brosslera, 102, 104
| |
|
| |
| Bruylants and Michielson, 142
| |
|
| |
| Caesium, 87
| |
|
| |
| ,, anomalous atomic weight
| |
| of, 114
| |
| Calcium, 88, 148
| |
| Calibration curve, 55
| |
| Camera of mass-spectrograph, 51
| |
|
| |
| positive ray, 26
| |
| Canalstrahlen, 22
| |
| Carbon, 63
| |
|
| |
| Carnotite, lead from, 124
| |
| Cathode rays, 22, 24
| |
| Chadwick, 94
| |
|
| |
| and Rutherford, 103
| |
|
| |
| Chapin, Baxter and Tani, 142
| |
| Chapman, 130
| |
|
| |
| and DooTSON, 130
| |
| Chemical action, separation by, 133
| |
| law of radioactive change,
| |
| 11
| |
| Chlorine, 65, 113
| |
|
| |
| separation of the isotopes
| |
| of, 136
| |
| Classen, 31
| |
|
| |
| and Wey, 142
| |
| Claude, 35
| |
| Cleveite, lead from, 17
| |
| Coincidence, method of, 57
| |
| Composite anode, 80, 86
| |
| Constancy of chemical atomic weights,
| |
|
| |
| 22
| |
| Cosmical effect of change of mass, 103
| |
| Crookes, 3, 4, 24, 115, 117
| |
| ,, dark space, 24, 35
| |
| theory of the evolution of
| |
| elements, 117
| |
| Curie, Mlle. I., 113
| |
| M., 18
| |
|
| |
| Dalton's hypothesis, 2
| |
| Darwin, 15
| |
|
| |
| Davies and Horton, 68
| |
| Deflection of positive rays, 27
| |
| Dempster, 31, 80, 81, 86, 114, 146
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 149
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 150
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| INDEX
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Dempster's method of analysis, 31,146
| |
| Density balance, 35
| |
|
| |
| ,, of isotopic leads, 17, 18
| |
| Diffusion of neon, 39
| |
|
| |
| separation by, 127
| |
| velocity, determination of,
| |
| 20
| |
| Disintegration theory of the evolu-
| |
| tion of elements, 116
| |
| Distillation of neon, 37
| |
| Distribution of lines on mass-
| |
|
| |
| spectrum, 64
| |
| DooTSON and Chapman, 130
| |
| Du Bois magnet, 61
| |
|
| |
| Eddington, 104
| |
|
| |
| Einstein's theory of relativity, 103
| |
| Electrical theory of matter, 90
| |
| Electric discharge in gases, 23
| |
|
| |
| ,, field of mass-spectrograph,
| |
| 50
| |
| Electricity as an element, 115
| |
| Electrochemical properties of isotopes,
| |
|
| |
| 10
| |
| Electron, the, 91
| |
|
| |
| Element, meaning of the word, 115
| |
| Enskog, 130
| |
| Epstein, 95
| |
| ExNER and Haschek, 121
| |
|
| |
| Fa JANS, 11
| |
|
| |
| First order lines, 61
| |
|
| |
| Fleck, 12
| |
|
| |
| Fluorine, 72, 97
| |
|
| |
| Focussing positive rays, 44
| |
|
| |
| FOWLEB, 123
| |
|
| |
| and Aston, 45
| |
| Fractional distillation, separation by,
| |
|
| |
| 133
| |
| Fbanck and Knipping, 68
| |
|
| |
| Gehrcke, 102
| |
|
| |
| ,, and Reichenheim, 80, 83,
| |
| 88
| |
| Geigek and Nuttall, 10, 13
| |
| Goldstein, 22
| |
| Gravitation effect on spectra, 121
| |
|
| |
| separation by, 131
| |
| Groh and Hevesy, 20, 135
| |
|
| |
| Hahn, 8
| |
|
| |
| and Meitner, 8
| |
| Halation effect, 60
| |
| Half-tone plates, 25
| |
| Hall and Harkins, 116
| |
| Harkins, 102, 111, 116, 129
| |
|
| |
| and Aronberg, 124
| |
|
| |
| and Hall, 116
| |
|
| |
| ,, and Wilson, 116
| |
| Haschek and Exner, 121
| |
| Helium, 67, 69, 106
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Hevesy, 10, 12, 19
| |
|
| |
| and Bronsted, 136, 136,
| |
|
| |
| 139
| |
| and Groh, 20, 135
| |
| and Paneth, 11
| |
| and Zechmeisteb, 20
| |
| Hodges and Baxter, 142
| |
| Holmes, Baxteb and Weathebell,
| |
|
| |
| 73, 141
| |
| Honigschmid, 17, 18, 141, 142
| |
|
| |
| and Horovitz, 18,
| |
|
| |
| 121
| |
| Horovitz and Honigschmid, 18, 121
| |
| HoBTON and Davies, 68
| |
| Hot anode, 80, 83, 84
| |
| Hydrochloric acid, diffusion of, 129
| |
| Hydrogen, 67, 69, 106
| |
| Hyman and Soddy, 17, 121
| |
|
| |
| Ibbs, 130
| |
|
| |
| Imes, 125, 126
| |
|
| |
| Indicators, radioactive, 19
| |
|
| |
| Infra-red spectrum of isotopes, 125
| |
|
| |
| Intensity of positive rays, 44
| |
|
| |
| Iodine, 78
| |
|
| |
| Ionic dissociation theory, proof of, 20
| |
|
| |
| lonisation in discharge tube, 24
| |
|
| |
| Ionium, 1, 7, 9, 18
| |
|
| |
| ,, atomic weight of, 18
| |
| Isobares, 12, 13, 97, 110
| |
| Isotopes, definition of, 12
| |
|
| |
| diagrams of, 97
| |
|
| |
| discovery of, 5
| |
|
| |
| melting point of, 18
| |
|
| |
| refractive index of, 18
| |
|
| |
| separation of, 127
| |
|
| |
| solubility of, 18
| |
|
| |
| table of, 89, 141
| |
|
| |
| James and Stewabt, 142
| |
| JoLY and Poole, 133
| |
|
| |
| Keetman, 7
| |
|
| |
| Kernel of atom, 98
| |
|
| |
| Kibchoff, 116
| |
|
| |
| Knipping and Franck, 68
| |
|
| |
| kohlweiler, 116
| |
|
| |
| Kratzer, 126
| |
|
| |
| Kremers, Owens and Balke, 142
| |
|
| |
| Krepelka and Bbaun, 141
| |
|
| |
| ,, and RiCHABDS, 141
| |
|
| |
| Krypton, 70
| |
|
| |
| ,, anomalous atomic weight
| |
| of, 114
| |
|
| |
| Landaueb and Wendt, 70
| |
| Langmuib, 95, 96, 99
| |
| Lead, atomic weight of, 16
| |
|
| |
| ,, from carnotite, 124
| |
|
| |
| ,, from thorite, 17
| |
|
| |
| isotopes of, 14, 15
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| INDEX
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 15)
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Lembert and Richards, 17, 121
| |
| Lewis-Langmuir atom, 95
| |
| LmDEMANN, 102, 124, 134, 139
| |
|
| |
| ,, and Aston, 131
| |
|
| |
| Lines of first and second order, 61, 76
| |
|
| |
| of reference, 55, 64
| |
| Lithium, 86, 97, 146
| |
| LooMis, 125, 126
| |
|
| |
| LUDLAM, 129
| |
|
| |
| McAxpiNE and Willard, 142
| |
|
| |
| Magnesimn, 80
| |
|
| |
| Magnetic field of mass-spectrograph,
| |
|
| |
| 51
| |
| Marckwald, 7, 8
| |
| Mass, change of, 100
| |
|
| |
| deduced from parabolas, 28
| |
|
| |
| deduced from mass -spectrum,
| |
| 55
| |
| Mass-spectrograph, 43
| |
| Mass-spectrum, 47, 54
| |
| Measurement of lines on mass-
| |
|
| |
| spectrum, 59
| |
| Meitner, 21
| |
|
| |
| ,, and Hahn, 8
| |
| Melting point of isotopes, 18
| |
| Mercury, 72, 80
| |
|
| |
| parabolas of, 30
| |
|
| |
| separation of the isotopes
| |
| of, 134
| |
| Merton, 121, 123, 124, 125
| |
| Mesothorium, 8, 10
| |
| Meta-elements, 4
| |
|
| |
| Metallic elements, mass-spectra of, 80
| |
| Meteoric nickel, 113
| |
| MiCHiELSON and Bruylants, 142
| |
| Microbalance for density, 35
| |
| MiLLIKAN, 22, 91
| |
|
| |
| Molecular lines of second order, 75
| |
| Moles and Batuecas, 141
| |
| MOSELEY, 11, 93, 115
| |
| Mtjller, 142
| |
| Multiply charged rays, 30
| |
|
| |
| Natural numbers and atomic weights,
| |
|
| |
| 111
| |
| Negatively charged rays, 29, 62
| |
| Negative mass-spectra, 62, 66
| |
| Neon, 1, 33, 64, 97
| |
| Neuberger, 21
| |
| Nickel, 79
| |
|
| |
| meteoric, 113
| |
| Nitrogen, 67, 110
| |
| Nomenclature of isotopes, 61
| |
| Nucleus atom, 10, 92, 97, 125
| |
|
| |
| structure of, 101
| |
| Ntjttall and Geiger, 10, 13
| |
|
| |
| Order, lines of first and second, 61
| |
| Owens, Balke and Kremers, 142
| |
| Oxygen, 63
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Packing effect, 100
| |
| Paneth and Hevesy, 11
| |
| Parabola method of analysis, 25
| |
| Parsons and Baxter, 113
| |
| Perforated electrodes, 22, 24
| |
| Periodic law, 11, 12, 34
| |
|
| |
| table of the elements, 144,
| |
| 145
| |
| Period of radio-elements, 13
| |
| Perrin, 104
| |
| Phosphonas, 77
| |
|
| |
| Photochemical separation, 137
| |
| Photographic plates for positive rays,
| |
|
| |
| 25
| |
| Planck's quantum, 95
| |
| Planetary electrons, 92
| |
| Poole, 133
| |
|
| |
| and JoLY, 133
| |
| Positive ray paraljolas, 28
| |
|
| |
| rays, 22
| |
|
| |
| separation by, 136
| |
|
| |
| Potassium, 87
| |
| Pressure diffusion, 131
| |
| Proton, the, 92
| |
| Protyle, 90, 118
| |
| Prout's hypothesis, 2, 90, 100
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Radioactive isotopes, 7, 14
| |
|
| |
| classification of,
| |
|
| |
| 21
| |
| transformations, 13, 14,
| |
|
| |
| 15
| |
| Radium B and lead, 11
| |
| D and lead, 11
| |
| Ramsay, 115
| |
|
| |
| and Collie, 39
| |
| and Travers, 33
| |
| Ratner, 24
| |
| Rayleigh, 127
| |
| Reference lines, 55, 64
| |
| Refractive index of isotopes, 18
| |
| Reichenheim and Gehrcke, 80, 83,
| |
|
| |
| 88
| |
| Renz, 139
| |
|
| |
| Resolving power of mass-spectro-
| |
| graph, 60
| |
| Richards 17
| |
|
| |
| and Krepelka, 141
| |
| and Lembert, 17, 121
| |
| and Wads WORTH, 17
| |
| Richardson, 85
| |
| Rossi and Russell, 9, 120
| |
| Rubidium, 87
| |
| Russell, U
| |
|
| |
| and Rossi, 9, 120
| |
| Rutherford, Sir E., 7, 9, 13, 92, 93,
| |
| 102
| |
| and Chadwick, 103
| |
|
| |
| and Andrade, 11
| |
|
| |
| Rydberg, 141
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| 162
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| INDEX
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| SCHUTZENBERGER, 3
| |
|
| |
| Screens, willemite, 25
| |
|
| |
| Secondary rays, 29
| |
|
| |
| Second order, lines of the, 61
| |
|
| |
| Selenium, 77
| |
|
| |
| Separation of isotopes, 127
| |
|
| |
| Silicon, 72
| |
|
| |
| fluoride, 74
| |
| Skaupy, 139
| |
|
| |
| Slit system of mass-spectrograph, 49
| |
| Smith and Van Haagen, 72
| |
| SoDDY, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17,
| |
| 35
| |
|
| |
| and Hyman, 17, 121
| |
| Sodium, 86
| |
| Solubility of isotopes, 18
| |
|
| |
| SOMMERFEIiD, 95
| |
|
| |
| Spectra of isotopes, 9, 121,
| |
|
| |
| Spectrum lines, form of, 53
| |
|
| |
| Spencer, 91
| |
|
| |
| Starkweather and Baxter, 141
| |
|
| |
| Stas, 91
| |
|
| |
| Statistical relation of isotopes, 109
| |
|
| |
| Stewart, 11, 12
| |
|
| |
| and James, 142
| |
| Sulphur, 76
| |
|
| |
| Tani, Baxter and Chapin, 142
| |
| Tellurium, 77
| |
| Thermal diffusion, 129
| |
| Third order line of argon, 67
| |
|
| |
| lines of, 61
| |
|
| |
| Thomson, G. P., 86, 88
| |
|
| |
| Sir J. J., 1, 22, 29, 33, 62,
| |
| 70, 72, 75, 84, 91, 129
| |
| Thorite, 17, 18
| |
| Thorium, 7, 9, 14, 15, 18, 120
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Thorium, chain, 17, 18, 116
| |
|
| |
| ,, atomic weight of, 18
| |
|
| |
| Tin, 78
| |
| Travers, 39
| |
|
| |
| and Ramsay, 33
| |
| Triatomic hydrogen, 70
| |
|
| |
| Unitary theory of matter, 90
| |
| Uranium, 10, 120
| |
| ,, chain, 15
| |
|
| |
| Valency electrons, 98
| |
|
| |
| Van Haagen and Smith, 72
| |
|
| |
| Wadsworth and Richards, 17
| |
| Watson, 33
| |
|
| |
| and Aston, 24, 35
| |
| Weatherell, Baxter and Holmes,
| |
|
| |
| 73, 141
| |
| Welsbach, 8
| |
|
| |
| Wendt and Landaueb, 70
| |
| Wey and Classen, 142
| |
| Whole number rule, 90
| |
| WiEN, 22
| |
|
| |
| WiLLARD and McAlpine, 142
| |
| Willemite screens, 25
| |
| Wilson and Baxter, 142
| |
| and Harkins, 116
| |
|
| |
| Xenon, 70
| |
| :anomalous atomic weight of, 114
| |
| X-ray spectra of isotopes, 1 1
| |
|
| |
| Zechmeister and Hevesy, 20
| |
| Zinc, 147
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| [[category:reference]] | | [[category:reference]] |